Gelatin-based microspheres crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and rutin oriented to cosmetics
Open accessAbstract
Glutaraldehyde (GTA) has been extensively used as a gelatin crosslinking agent, however, new natural ones have been suggested as more biocompatible. Polyphenols are possible candidates and the flavonols, such as rutin (RUT), also exhibit potential synergism with sunscreens and antioxidant agents used in cosmetics. In this work, gelatin microspheres (M0) were obtained and crosslinked with GTA 10 mM (MG) or RUT 10 mM (MR), dissolved in acetone:NaOH 0,01M (70:30 v/v). MG exhibited crosslinking extent of 54.4%. Gelatin, M0, MG and MR did not elicit any signs of skin damage, regarding the formation of erythema, the barrier function disruption and negative interference in the stratum corneum hydration. Oily dispersions containing M0, MG or MR, isolated or combined with benzophenone-3 or octyl methoxycinnamate, suggested that the microspheres, at a 5.0% w/w, had no additional chemical or physical photoprotective effect in vitro. Crosslinking with RUT had occurred, but in a lower degree than GTA. Microspheres had not improved sun protection parameters, although, non-treated gelatin interfered positively with the SPF for both UV filters. The in vivo studies demonstrated that these materials had very good skin compatibility.
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Gelatine micro- and nano-spheres improve skin compatibility, safety, and efficacy.
“Additionally, gelatine micro- and nano-spheres improved skin compatibility, safety, and efficacy [41,42,43] and alginate microparticles influenced photostability, through the reduction of the EHMC’s (21) photoisomerisation [34].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
The Conclusion (page not provided) reports very good skin compatibility for the gelatin microspheres. It also says they did not improve estimated efficacy when combined with UV filters. This paper studied microspheres, not nanospheres, and its compatibility tests do not establish a broader improvement in safety. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Graziola, F., Candido, T. M., Oliveira, C. A. D., Peres, D. D., Issa, M. G., Mota, J., Rosado, C., Consiglieri, V. O., Kaneko, T. M., Velasco, M. V. R., & Baby, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Lusófona (PT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Publisher
- FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 603-612
- ISSN
- 1984-8250 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2593974696
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (12/04435-9)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- gelatin microspheres, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, rutin, polyphenols, flavonols, photoprotection, benzophenone-3, octyl methoxycinnamate, skin compatibility, stratum corneum hydration, biocompatibility
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