Cited by 145Sexual Differentiation and DisordersGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesSperm and Testicular Function

Genomic actions of the androgen receptor are required for normal male sexual differentiation in a mouse model

Open access
Notini, A J, Davey, R A, McManus, J F, Bate, K L, Zajac, J D·2005·Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

Abstract

Androgens mediate their effects in target cells via the androgen receptor (AR), which acts predominantly as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. In addition, androgens induce rapid activation of second messenger signal transduction cascades, and this is thought to occur via non-genomic mechanisms. We have used the Cre/loxP system to generate an AR knockout (ARKO) mouse targeting exon 3, which encodes the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain. To generate universal ARKO mice, floxed AR mice were mated with CMV-Cre mice, which express Cre recombinase ubiquitously. Deletion of the floxed allele in our mice does not disrupt the reading frame, and has been designed so that the mutant AR can bind ligand but not target genes. ARKO males displayed a complete androgen insensitivity phenotype, with female external genitalia and a reduction in body weight compared with wild-type males (P < 0.001). Testes of ARKO males were smaller than control males (P < 0.0001) and were located intra-abdominally. We have demonstrated that genotypically XY mice lacking the second zinc finger of the AR have a female phenotype, and we conclude that the genomic actions of the AR (mediated by DNA binding) are indispensable for normal male sexual differentiation.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1677/jme.1.01884

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Notini, A. J., Davey, R. A., McManus, J. F., Bate, K. L., & Zajac, J. D.
Affiliations
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Venue
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
Published
2005-12-01
Volume
35
Issue
3
Pages
547-555
ISSN
  • 0952-5041 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-6813
OpenAlex
W2104537307
Cited by
145
References
37
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
FWCI
2.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Cass Foundation
  • Eli Lilly Australia
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
androgen receptor, male sexual differentiation, androgen insensitivity syndrome, DNA-binding domain, Cre-loxP system, second messenger signaling, testicular development, external genitalia, XY females
MeSH terms
Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Receptors, Androgen, Sex Differentiation, Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome, Zinc Fingers, Genome, DNA, Complementary, Mice, Knockout, Gene Targeting, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review