The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Microinflammatory State in Uremia: Causes and Potential Consequences
Abstract
Abstract.: Mortality is markedly elevated in patients with end-stage renal disease. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein levels are only slightly elevated in dialysis patients, and cardiovascular risk is inversely correlated with serum cholesterol, suggesting that a process other than hyperlipidemia plays a role in the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Hypoalbuminemia, ascribed to malnutrition, has been one of the most powerful risk factors that predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. The presence of inflammation, as evidenced by increased levels of specific cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α) or acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A), however, has been found to be associated with vascular disease in the general population as well as in dialysis patients. The process of inflammation, also called the acute-phase response, additionally causes loss of muscle mass and changes in plasma composition—decreases in serum albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin levels, also associated with malnutrition. Inflammation alters lipoprotein structure and function as well as endothelial structure and function to favor atherogenesis and increases the concentration of atherogenic proteins in serum, such as fibrinogen and lipoprotein (a). Inflammation in dialysis patients is episodic. The causes are likely to be multifactorial and include vascular access infection, less-than-sterile dialysate, dialysate back leak, and nonbiocompatible membranes in addition to clinically apparent infection. In addition, proinflammatory compounds, such as advanced glycation end products, accumulate in renal failure, and defense mechanisms against oxidative injury are reduced, contributing to inflammation and to its effect on the vascular endothelium.
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Cites
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Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure
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Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients
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C-reactive protein predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients
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Self-citation
Cited by
Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients
Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Block, G., Humphreys, M. H., & Kopple, J. D. (2003) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00803.x · Cited by 1,247
Cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients is common
Murray, A. M., Tupper, D. E., Knopman, D. S., Gilbertson, D. T., Pederson, S. L., Li, S., Smith, G. E., Hochhalter, A. K., Collins, A. J., & Kane, R. L. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000225182.15532.40 · Cited by 712
Appetite and inflammation, nutrition, anemia, and clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients
Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Block, G., McAllister, C. J., Humphreys, M. H., & Kopple, J. D. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.2.299 · Cited by 630
Rotondi, M., Rosati, A., Buonamano, A., Lasagni, L., Lazzeri, E., Pradella, F., Fossombroni, V., Cirami, C., Liotta, F., La Villa, G., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00525.x · Cited by 92
Provision of Antioxidant Therapy in Hemodialysis (PATH): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Himmelfarb, J., Ikizler, T. A., Ellis, C., Wu, P., Shintani, A., Dalal, S., Kaplan, M., Chonchol, M., & Hakim, R. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2013050545 · Cited by 69
Metadata
- Authors
- KAYSEN, G. A.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1549-1557
- ISSN
- 1046-6673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158745632
- Cited by
- 473
- References
- 65
- FWCI
- 19.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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