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The gut microbiota modulates airway inflammation in allergic asthma through the gut-lung axis related immune modulation: A review
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a vast and complex microbial community. According to statistics, the number of bacteria residing in the human intestinal tract is approximately ten times that of total human cells, with over 1000 different species. The interaction between the gut microbiota and various organ tissues plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of local and systemic diseases, exerting a significant influence on disease progression. The relationship between the gut microbiota and intestinal diseases, along with its connection to the pulmonary immune environment and the development of lung diseases, is commonly referred to as the “gut–lung axis.” The incidence of bronchial asthma is rising globally. With ongoing research on gut microbiota, it is widely believed that intestinal microorganisms and their metabolic products directly or indirectly participate in the occurrence and development of asthma. Based on the gut–lung axis, this review examines recent research suggesting that the intestinal microbiota can influence the occurrence and progression of allergic asthma through the modulation of cytokine immune balance and mucosal integrity. Though the precise immune pathways or microbial species influencing asthma through the gut–lung axis are still under exploration, summarizing the immune modulation through the gut–lung axis in allergic asthma may provide insights for the clinical management of the condition.
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“The gut–lung axis may also be relevant, as intestinal inflammation and changes in the microbiota can influence systemic and pulmonary immune responses, potentially affecting allergic airway inflammation (Burrows et al. 2025; Zhang et al. 2025).”
From Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as Zhang et al. 2025
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Packi, K., Świerczewski, D., Klimczak, S., Ochab, D., Gałęziewska, J., Gromek, P., Kruczkowska, W., Płuciennik, E., Kałuzińska-Kołat, Ż., & Kołat, D. (2026) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-026-02425-4
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, M., Qin, Z., Huang, C., Liang, B., Zhang, X., & Sun, W.
- Venue
- Biomolecules and Biomedicine
- Published
- 2024-10-26
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 727-738
- ISSN
- 2831-090X
- 2831-0896
- PMC
- PMC11959394
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 0
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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