The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Repression, Response, and Contained Escalation Under "Liberalized" Authoritarianism in Jordan
Abstract
Studies of repression's effects on mobilization overwhelmingly focus on how severe repression affects the volume of protest, overlooking how activists perceive and experience a range of repressive tactics and how their tactical adaptations to this repertoire produce broader patterns of contention. This study therefore identifies repression's variegated forms and movements' corresponding responses using fifty-seven interviews with reform-oriented activists in Jordan, a "liberalized" authoritarian state, obtained in 2011. The findings demonstrate that activists (1) transformed softer repression into valued opportunities for communication with officials, and (2) responded to harder forms by publicizing repression through protests and their alliance networks, which persuaded the image-conscious regime to temper its tactics and prompted both sides to return to bargaining. This dynamic exemplifies a process of contained escalation, which helps to explain why Jordan's Arab Spring remained nonrevolutionary. I conclude by discussing the implications for studies of repression and response in illiberal contexts.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This surveillance can take many forms and allows governments to harvest intelligence that can be used to target coercion (13, 30, 53–56).”
From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cites
Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation.
Snow, D., Rochford, E., Worden, S., & Benford, R. D. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095581 · Cited by 5,992
McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2001) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511805431 · Cited by 5,558
The Constant Comparative Method of Qualitative Analysis
Glaser, B. G. (1965) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/798843 · Cited by 4,937
The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America
Schattschneider, E. E. (1960) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,262
From Mobilization to Revolution
Tilly, C. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315205021-5 · Cited by 4,010
(1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,500
Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond
Ragin, C. C. (2008) · Cited by 3,398
Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970
McAdam, D. (1999) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226555553.001.0001 · Cited by 3,183
Elections Without Democracy: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes
Diamond, L. J. (2002) · Journal of democracy · doi:10.1353/jod.2002.0025 · Cited by 2,433
A Preface to Democratic Theory.
Gross, F., & Dahl, R. A. (1957) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2088784 · Cited by 2,187
Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War
Levitsky, S., & Way, L. A. (2001) · Cited by 2,166
Chambers, C. A., Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1978) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1862054 · Cited by 2,004
State Repression and Political Order
Davenport, C. (2007) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.143216 · Cited by 1,564
The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities
Eisinger, P. K. (1973) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1958525 · Cited by 1,493
Movements and Media as Interacting Systems
GAMSON, W. A., & WOLFSFELD, G. (1993) · The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716293528001009 · Cited by 1,033
Protest as a Political Resource
Lipsky, M. (1968) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1953909 · Cited by 870
Lichbach, M. I. (1987) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002787031002003 · Cited by 825
No other way out: states and revolutionary movements, 1945-1991
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-6699 · Cited by 788
Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry.
Goldman, P., & Walder, A. G. (1989) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579283 · Cited by 769
Davenport, C. (1995) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111650 · Cited by 623
Concessions, repression, and political protest in the Iranian revolution
Rasler, K. A. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096410 · Cited by 565
The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China
Lee, C. K., & Zhang, Y. (2013) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/670802 · Cited by 544
Income Inequality, Regime Repressiveness, and Political Violence
Muller, E. N. (1985) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095339 · Cited by 529
Tanks, Tear Gas, and Taxes: Toward a Theory of Movement Repression
Earl, J. (2003) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1111/1467-9558.00175 · Cited by 515
Repression, Micromobilization, and Political Protest
Opp, K., & Roehl, W. (1990) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/69.2.521 · Cited by 503
Jenkins, J. C., & Eckert, C. M. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095369 · Cited by 486
Cress, D. M., & Snow, D. A. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096310 · Cited by 471
Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis.
Snyder, D. B., & Hibbs, D. A. (1978) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2065938 · Cited by 469
Kurzman, C. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096411 · Cited by 458
Repression, Backfire, and The Theory of Transformative Events
Hess, D. J., & Martin, B. G. (2006) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.11.2.3204855020732v63 · Cited by 446
Justice Lost! The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Matter Where Needed Most
Hafner-Burton, E. M., & Tsutsui, K. (2007) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343307078942 · Cited by 431
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-4104 · Cited by 417
The Dynamic Relationship Between Protest and Repression
Carey, S. C. (2006) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591290605900101 · Cited by 405
High‐Risk Collective Action: Defending Human Rights in Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina
Loveman, M. (1998) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/210045 · Cited by 404
Opportunity Organizations and Threat‐Induced Contention: Protest Waves in Authoritarian Settings
Almeida, P. D. (2003) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/378395 · Cited by 395
Hardship and Collective Violence in France, 1830 to 1960
Snyder, D., & Tilly, C. (1972) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093448 · Cited by 320
Power in Numbers: The Political Strategy of Protest and Rebellion
Johnson, H. C., & Denardo, J. (1987) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1863953 · Cited by 312
The Relationship between Coercion and Protest
Francisco, R. Α. (1995) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002795039002003 · Cited by 304
Aggressive behaviors within polities, 1948-1962: a cross - national study 1
Feierabend, I. K., & Feierabend, R. L. (1966) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200276601000301 · Cited by 303
Social Protest and Contentious Authoritarianism in China
Chen, X. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139053310 · Cited by 298
From Peaceful Protest to Guerrilla War: Micromobilization of the Provisional Irish Republican Army
White, R. W. (1989) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229155 · Cited by 298
Coercion and Protest: An Empirical Test in Two Democratic States
Francisco, R. Α. (1996) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111747 · Cited by 262
Repression and popular collective action: Evidence from the West Bank
Khawaja, M. (1993) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1007/bf01112330 · Cited by 260
Civil Society as Social Control: State Power in Jordan
Wiktorowicz, Q. (2000) · Comparative Politics · doi:10.2307/422423 · Cited by 248
The unthinkable revolution in Iran
Kurzman, C. (2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-2385 · Cited by 227
Marx, G. T. (1974) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/225807 · Cited by 220
Seeing Blue: A Police-Centered Explanation of Protest Policing
Earl, J., & Soule, S. A. (2006) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.11.2.u1wj8w41n301627u · Cited by 218
Velvet Glove, Iron Fist, or Even Hand? Protest Policing in the United States, 1960-1990
Soule, S. A., & Davenport, C. (2009) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.14.1.y01123143t231q66 · Cited by 198
Marx, G. T. (1981) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800300 · Cited by 186
Opportunity, Honor, and Action in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943
Einwohner, R. L. (2003) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/379528 · Cited by 181
Resisting Dictatorship: Repression and Protest in Southeast Asia
Boudreau, V. G. (2004) · Cited by 179
Lichbach, M. I., & Gurr, T. R. (1981) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200278102500101 · Cited by 157
SOFT REPRESSION: RIDICULE, STIGMA, AND SILENCING IN GENDER-BASED MOVEMENTS
Ferree, M. M. (2004) · Research in social movements, conflicts and change · doi:10.1016/s0163-786x(04)25004-2 · Cited by 157
There's something happening here: the New Left, the Klan, and FBI counterintelligence
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-2292 · Cited by 149
Frontiers and Ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel
Brown, L. C., & Ron, J. (2003) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20033803 · Cited by 144
Limiting Dissent: The Mechanisms of State Repression in the USA
BOYKOFF, J. (2007) · Social Movement Studies · doi:10.1080/14742830701666988 · Cited by 138
Oliver, P. E. (2008) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.13.1.v264hx580h486641 · Cited by 133
Understanding Covert Repressive Action
Davenport, C. (2004) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002704271285 · Cited by 123
Repression and Revolutionary Action
Opp, K. (1994) · Rationality and Society · doi:10.1177/1043463194006001007 · Cited by 121
Villagers, Elections, and Citizenship in Contemporary China
O’Brien, K. J. (2001) · Modern China · doi:10.1177/009770040102700401 · Cited by 120
della Porta, D., & Fillieule, O. (2007) · Blackwell Publishing Ltd eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470999103.ch10 · Cited by 118
Neither Transgressive Nor Contained: Boundary-Spanning Contention In China
O’Brien, K. J. (2003) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.8.1.6543n6m111722u42 · Cited by 116
Su, Y., & He, X. (2010) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2010.00399.x · Cited by 116
The Management of Islamic Activism: Salafis, the Muslim Brotherhood, and State Power in Jordan
Wiktorowicz, Q. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 114
The Impacts of State Surveillance on Political Assembly and Association: A Socio-Legal Analysis
Starr, A., Fernandez, L. A., Amster, R., Wood, L. J., & Caro, M. J. (2008) · Qualitative Sociology · doi:10.1007/s11133-008-9107-z · Cited by 103
Informal repression, zero-sum politics and late third wave transitions
Kirschke, L. (2000) · The Journal of Modern African Studies · doi:10.1017/s0022278x00003396 · Cited by 81
Mobilizing Under the Gun: Theorizing Political Opportunity Structure in a Highly Repressive Setting
Alimi, E. Y. (2009) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.14.2.u210745765568737 · Cited by 74
Savage Restraint: Israel, Palestine and the Dialectics of Legal Repression
Ron, J. (2000) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/3097130 · Cited by 72
Under The Spotlight: The Impact of Media Attention on Protest Policing
Wisler, D., & Giugni, M. G. (1999) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.4.2.e02v758487330131 · Cited by 69
The strategy of protest: problems of negro civic action
Wilson, J. Q. (1961) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200276100500306 · Cited by 68
Nemchenok, V. V. (2008) · The Middle East Journal · doi:10.3751/62.2.15 · Cited by 65
Chang, P. Y. (2008) · Social Forces · doi:10.1353/sof.0.0153 · Cited by 64
Identity Politics, Reform, and Protest in J ordan
Ryan, C. R. (2011) · Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism · doi:10.1111/j.1754-9469.2011.01135.x · Cited by 62
Criminal Prosecution and the Legal Control of Protest
Barkan, S. (2006) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.11.2.a8671t532kww2722 · Cited by 57
Return to Democratization or New Hybrid Regime?: The 2003 Elections in Jordan
Ryan, C. R., & Schwedler, J. M. (2004) · Middle East Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1061-1924.2004.00158.x · Cited by 50
Jordan's new bargain: The political economy of regime security
Greenwood, S. (2003) · The Middle East Journal · Cited by 47
Confronting Oppression with Violence: Inequality, Military Infrastructure and Dissident Repression
Ortiz, D. (2007) · Mobilization An International Quarterly · doi:10.17813/maiq.12.3.u18h874r87m32655 · Cited by 40
From the¡Ya Basta!to theCaracoles: Zapatista Mobilization under Transitional Conditions
Inclán, M. (2008) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/525508 · Cited by 39
Jordan: Ten More Years of Autocracy
Yom, S. L. (2009) · Journal of democracy · doi:10.1353/jod.0.0125 · Cited by 36
Unobtrusive Practices of Contention in Leninist Regimes
Johnston, H., & Mueller, C. (2001) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1525/sop.2001.44.3.351 · Cited by 35
Protest and Negotiation: A Case Study of Negro Leadership in Atlanta, Georgia
Walker, J. L. J. (1963) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2108669 · Cited by 35
della Porta, D. (1997) · African Studies · doi:10.1080/00020189708707862 · Cited by 32
Osa, M., & Schock, K. (2007) · Research in social movements, conflicts and change · doi:10.1016/s0163-786x(06)27005-8 · Cited by 29
Carey, S. C. (2008) · MADOC (University of Mannheim) · Cited by 22
'Normalization' and 'Anti-Normalization' in Jordan: The Public Debate
Scham, P. L., & Lucas, R. E. (2003) · Israel Affairs · doi:10.1080/13537120412331321573 · Cited by 21
Law in the Service of Legitimacy: Gender and Politics in Jordan
Warrick, C. (2009) · Cited by 17
Studying Contention in Contemporary ChinaPreprint
O’Brien, K. J., & Stern, R. E. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 11
Locating Dissent: Space, Law, and Protest in JordanPreprint
Schwedler, J. M. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 5
Protesting Sanctions against Iraq: A View from Jordan
Dabbas, A., & Schwedler, J. M. (1998) · Middle East Report · doi:10.2307/3013409 · Cited by 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ketchley, N. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316882702 · Cited by 295
Transnational Repression, Diaspora Mobilization, and the Case of The Arab Spring
Moss, D. M. (2016) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spw019 · Cited by 261
Self-citationEarl, J. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl8198 · Cited by 250
Moss, D. M. (2018) · Globalizations · doi:10.1080/14747731.2016.1263079 · Cited by 181
Self-citationResistance in repressive contexts: A comprehensive test of psychological predictors.
Ayanian, A. H., Tausch, N., Acar, Y. G., Chayinska, M., Cheung, W.-Y., & Lukyanova, Y. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000285 · Cited by 137
Metadata
- Authors
- Moss, D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moss, Dana
- ORCID
- Moss, Dana
- Venue
- Mobilization: An International Quarterly
- Publisher
- Mobilization Journal
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 261-286
- ISSN
- 1086-671X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2214643740
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 13.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Mobilization An International Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Middle East Politics and Society
- Keywords
- repression, protest responses, Jordan, Arab Spring, alliance networks, political mobilization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review