Cited by 137Social and Intergroup PsychologyPolitical Conflict and GovernanceSocial Movements and Cultural Identity

Resistance in repressive contexts: A comprehensive test of psychological predictors.

Open access
Ayanian, Arin H., Tausch, Nicole, Acar, Yasemin Gülsüm, Chayinska, Maria, Cheung, Wing-Yee, Lukyanova, Yulia·2021·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Abstract

= 296). Meta-analytic integration of the findings highlights that, unlike in most current accounts of collective action, protesters in these contexts are not primarily driven by political efficacy. Rather, their involvement is contingent upon beliefs in the ability of protest to build a movement (identity consolidation and participative efficacies) and motivated by outrage at state repression, identification with the social movement, and a sense of moral obligation to act on their behalf. Results also confirm that risks attributable to state repression spur rather than quell resistance by increasing outrage, politicized identification, identity consolidation and participative efficacies, and moral obligation. The implications of these findings for models of collective action and our understanding of the motives underlying engagement in repressive contexts are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/pspi0000285

Cites

192 of 192 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 21

  1. Aronson, E. (1973). The rationalizing animal. In H. J. Leavitt, L. R. Pondy, & D. M. Boje (Eds.), Readings in managerial Psychology (4th ed, pp. 134-144). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  2. Della Porta, D. (1992). Political socialization in left-wing underground organizations: Biographies of Italian and German militants. International Social Movement Research , 4 (1), 259-290.
  3. Devos, T., Silver, L.A., & Mackie, D.M. (2002). Experiencing intergroup emotions. In D.M., Mackie D.M. and E.R. Smith (Eds), From Prejudice to Intergroup Emotions: Differentiated Reactions to Social Groups . Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press, 111134.
  4. Fridja, N.H. (1986). The Emotions . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & ter Schure, L. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and action tendency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212-228.
  6. Gurr, T.R. (1970). Why men rebel . Centre of International Studies, Princeton University. Princeton University Press.
  7. Honari (2017). Responses to repression. Sociopedia.isa (e-journal), doi: 0.1177/205684601751
  8. Klandermans, B. (1997). The social psychology of protest. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
  9. Martin, B. (2015). From political Jiu-jitsu to the backfire dynamic: How repression can promote mobilisation. In K. Schock (Ed.), Civil resistance: Comparative perspectives on nonviolent struggle . Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, Chapter 5, pp. 145-168.
  10. Moss, D. (2014). Repression, response, and contained escalation under "liberalized" authoritarianism in Jordan. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 19 (3), 261-286.
  11. Schock, K. (2015b). Civil Resistance: Comparative Perspectives on Nonviolent Struggle . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  12. Schwartz, S. H. (1997). Values and culture. In D. Munro, S. Carr, & J. Schumaker (Eds.), Motivation and culture (pp. 69-84). New York: Routledge.
  13. Smyth, R., Soboleva, I., Shimek, L., & Sobolev, A. (2013a). Defining common ground: Collective identity in Russia's post-election protests rallies. In Ross. C. (Ed), Systemic and non-systemic opposition in the Russian Federation. Civil society awakens? New York: Routledge.
  14. Sombutpoonsiri, J. (2015). Nonviolent action as the interplay between political context and 'insider's knowledge': Otpor in Serbia. In Schock, K. (Ed.), Civil Resistance: Comparative Perspectives on Nonviolent Struggle . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  15. Thomas, E., Mavor, K., & McGarty, C. (2012). Social identities facilitate and encapsulate action relevant constructs: A test of the social identity model of collective action. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 15 (1), 75-88. doi:10.1177/1368430211413619 · DOI
  16. Thomas, E., McGarty, C. & Mavor, K.I (2009). Aligning identities, emotions, and beliefs to create commitment to sustainable social and political action. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13 (3), 194-218. doi:10.1177/1088868309341563 · DOI
  17. Tsung-gan, K. (2017). Umbrella: A Political Tale from Hong Kong . Pema Press: United States.
  18. Turner, J.C., Hogg, M.A., Oakes, P.J., Reicher, S.D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory . Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  19. Walker, I., & Smith, H. J. (2002). Relative deprivation: Specification, development, and integration. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  20. White, R. (1989). From peaceful protest to guerilla war: Micro-mobilization of the provisional Irish Republican Army. American Journal of Sociology, 94 (6), 12771302. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2780960
  21. Wisler, D., & Giugni, M. (1999). Under the spotlight: The impact of media attention on protest policing. Mobilization: An International Quarterly , 4 (2), 171-187. Downloaded from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022343314531004 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ayanian, A. H., Tausch, N., Acar, Y. G., Chayinska, M., Cheung, W.-Y., & Lukyanova, Y.
Affiliations
  • University of St Andrews (GB)
  • Bielefeld University (DE)
Corresponding author
Ayanian, Arin H.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Published
2021-04
Volume
120
Issue
4
Pages
912-939
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
OpenAlex
W3036179384
Cited by
137
References
161
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
FWCI
17.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (acceptedVersion)
  • BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
  • PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Movements and Cultural Identity
Keywords
protest participation, state repression, collective action, political efficacy, identity consolidation, outrage, moral obligation, social movements
MeSH terms
Cooperative Behavior, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Politics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Russia, Social Identification, Social Justice, Turkey, Ukraine, Moral Obligations, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review