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Cited by 183Populism, Right-Wing MovementsTerrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political ViolenceGerman legal, social, and political studies

Dynamics of Repression and Mobilization: The German Extreme Right in The 1990s

Koopmans, Ruud·1997·Mobilization: An International Quarterly
DOI 10.17813/maiq.2.2.e6g82877674x6048
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Abstract

In spite of the centrality of the relationship between repression and mobilization to our understanding of state-movement interactions, the literature has not even come close to providing conclusive answers. A variety of competing models exists, each of which can claim some theoretical plausibility and empirical support. This inconclusiveness seems to derive from the general level of analysis in many studies and from insufficient empirical acknowledgment of the interactive and dynamic nature of the repression-mobilization nexus. This paper aims to avoid these problems by presenting a detailed analysis of the interaction between the mobilization of the German extreme right and the different forms of repression that state authorities have reactively applied. Two types of repression—institutional and situational—and their impacts on two types of mobilization—violent and nonviolent—are distinguished and analyzed both cross-sectionally, by comparing the sixteen German federal states, and diachronically, through a time-series analysis for the period 1990-1994. The results consistently show that the two types of repression have very different impacts on mobilization. Whereas situational police repression as a direct reaction to mobilization events had an escalating effect, more indirect, institutional repress-sion such as bans of organizations and demonstrations or trials and court rulings against activists had a clear negative impact on the extreme right's level of mobilization. The article discusses several reasons for this relative effectiveness of institutional repression, including its greater degree of consistency and legitimacy as well as its preventive focus on mobilizing structures.

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Crossref · 10.17813/maiq.2.2.e6g82877674x6048

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  • Effects of repression vary depending on the timing of repression.

    “This mirrors findings on the consequences of traditional repression, which also suggest that effects vary depending on the timing of repression (183).”

    From Physical and virtual repertoires of contention (2022) · cites this paper as [183]

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Authors
Koopmans, R.
Affiliations
WZB Berlin Social Science Center (DE)
Corresponding author
Koopmans, Ruud
ORCID
Koopmans, Ruud
Venue
Mobilization: An International Quarterly
Publisher
Mobilization Journal
Published
1997-09-01
Volume
2
Issue
2
Pages
149-164
ISSN
1086-671X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.17813/maiq.2.2.e6g82877674x6048
OpenAlex
W2216706044
Cited by
183
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
FWCI
7.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Mobilization An International Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › German legal, social, and political studies
Keywords
repression, mobilization, institutional repression, police repression, German states, 1990s

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