The integrity of independent variables in behavior analysis

Peterson, Lizette; Homer, Andrew L.; Wonderlich, Stephen A.

doi:10.1901/jaba.1982.15-477

Cited by 462Behavioral and Psychological StudiesAcademic and Historical Perspectives in PsychologyPsychology Research and Bibliometrics

The integrity of independent variables in behavior analysis

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Peterson, Lizette, Homer, Andrew L., Wonderlich, Stephen A.·1982·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis

DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-477PMC PMC1308296

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Abstract

Establishing a functional relationship between the independent and the dependent variable is the primary focus of applied behavior analysis. Accurate and reliable description and observation of both the independent and dependent variables are necessary to achieve this goal. Although considerable attention has been focused on ensuring the integrity of the dependent variable in the operant literature, similar effort has not been directed at ensuring the integrity of the independent variable. Inaccurate descriptions of the application of the independent variable may threaten the reliability and validity of operant research data. A survey of articles in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis demonstrated that the majority of articles published do not use any assessment of the actual occurrence of the independent variable and a sizable minority do not provide operational definitions of the independent variable. The feasibility and utility of ensuring the integrity of the independent variable is described.

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Assessment of treatment delivery consists of verifying the occurrence of essential components (protocol adherence), the nonoccurrence of prohibited protocol deviations (absence of treatment contamination), and sufficient treatment differentiation.
“The assessment of treatment delivery consists of verifying the occurrence of essential components (protocol adherence) and the nonoccurrence of prohibited protocol deviations (absence of treatment contamination) as well as verifying sufficient treatment differentiation [2,3,8,10].”
From The fidelity of treatment delivery can be assessed in treatment outcome studies: a successful illustration from behavioral medicine (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
Most studies have not verified whether the fidelity of their treatments was adequate.
“Notwithstanding its importance, several reviews demonstrated that most studies have not verified whether the fidelity of their treatments was adequate [2,3,7,10,11].”
From The fidelity of treatment delivery can be assessed in treatment outcome studies: a successful illustration from behavioral medicine (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
MATD needs to verify whether during delivery of treatment important treatment elements are actually addressed (maximal protocol adherence) while proscribed elements are not (minimal or no contamination), and whether the treatment can be differentiated from other treatments.
“MATD needs to verify whether during delivery of treatment important treatment elements are actually addressed (maximal protocol adherence) while proscribed elements are not (minimal or no contamination), and whether the treatment can be differentiated from other treatments [2,3,6,8,10].”
From The fidelity of treatment delivery can be assessed in treatment outcome studies: a successful illustration from behavioral medicine (2009) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors: Peterson, L., Homer, A. L., & Wonderlich, S. A.
Affiliations: Missouri Department of Mental Health (US)
Corresponding author: Peterson, Lizette
ORCID: Wonderlich, Stephen A.
Venue: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1982-12
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 477-492
ISSN: 0021-8855 (ISSN-L)
1938-3703
DOI: 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-477
PMC: PMC1308296
OpenAlex: W2059257145
Cited by: 461
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 12.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 11046 d)
Locations: Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: operational definitions, functional relationships, applied behavior analysis, research reliability, research validity
MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy, Child, Conditioning, Operant, Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Reinforcement Schedule, Research

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