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Malnutrition Screening and Assessment
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.3390/nu14122392
Abstract
Malnutrition is a serious problem with negative impact on the quality of life and the evolution of our patients, contributing to an increase in morbidity, hospital stay, mortality and health spending. Early identification is fundamental to implement the necessary therapeutic actions involving adequate nutritional support to prevent or reverse malnutrition. This review presents two complementary methods of fighting malnutrition: nutritional screening and nutritional assessment. Nutritional risk screening is conducted using simple, quick-to-perform tools and is the first line of action in detecting at-risk patients. It should be implemented systematically and periodically on admission to hospital or residential care, as well as on an outpatient basis for patients with chronic conditions. Once patients with a nutritional risk have been detected they should undergo a more detailed nutritional assessment to identify and quantify the type and degree of malnutrition. This should include health history and clinical examination, dietary history, anthropometric measurements, evaluation of the degree of aggression determined by the disease, functional assessment and, whenever possible, some method of measuring body composition.
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![Figure 1 Compartment models of body composition. FFM: fat-free mass, FM: fat mass, BCM: body cell mass, ECM: extracellular cell mass. (Reber E, Gomes F, Vasiloglou MF, Schuetz Ph, Stanga Z. Nutritional Risk Screening and Assessment [Figure 1]. J Clin Med 2019; 8: 1065. Article licensed under Open Access Creative Commons Attribution License. https://www.mdpi.com/jcm/jcm-08-01065/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-08-01065-g001.png (accessed on 1 April 2022).](/paper-figures/de57f22e49e04968a14fe6eefd9a4e79/malnutrition-screening-and-assessment-figure-1.jpg)
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“Functional assessment is a key component in the evaluation of nutritional status and in the follow-up of nutritional interventions, since loss of muscle function is an essential feature in malnutrition, and its recovery is an indicator of nutritional improvement [104].”
From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [104]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Serón-Arbeloa, C., Labarta-Monzón, L., Puzo-Foncillas, J., Mallor-Bonet, T., Lafita-López, A., Bueno-Vidales, N., & Montoro-Huguet, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-05-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2392-2392
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9228435
- OpenAlex
- W4282835552
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 231
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 12
- FWCI
- 8.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- malnutrition, nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, nutritional risk screening, early detection of malnutrition, nutritional support, anthropometry, body composition, functional assessment, dietary history, hospitalized patients, chronic disease
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Nutritional Status, Quality of Life, Nutrition Assessment, Nutritional Support, Malnutrition
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