GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community
Open accessAbstract
RATIONALE This initiative is focused on building a global consensus around core diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults in clinical settings. METHODS In January 2016, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was convened by several of the major global clinical nutrition societies. GLIM appointed a core leadership committee and a supporting working group with representatives bringing additional global diversity and expertise. Empirical consensus was reached through a series of face-to-face meetings, telephone conferences, and e-mail communications. RESULTS A two-step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis was selected, i.e., first screening to identify "at risk" status by the use of any validated screening tool, and second, assessment for diagnosis and grading the severity of malnutrition. The malnutrition criteria for consideration were retrieved from existing approaches for screening and assessment. Potential criteria were subjected to a ballot among the GLIM core and supporting working group members. The top five ranked criteria included three phenotypic criteria (non-volitional weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass) and two etiologic criteria (reduced food intake or assimilation, and inflammation or disease burden). To diagnose malnutrition at least one phenotypic criterion and one etiologic criterion should be present. Phenotypic metrics for grading severity as Stage 1 (moderate) and Stage 2 (severe) malnutrition are proposed. It is recommended that the etiologic criteria be used to guide intervention and anticipated outcomes. The recommended approach supports classification of malnutrition into four etiology-related diagnosis categories. CONCLUSION A consensus scheme for diagnosing malnutrition in adults in clinical settings on a global scale is proposed. Next steps are to secure further collaboration and endorsements from leading nutrition professional societies, to identify overlaps with syndromes like cachexia and sarcopenia, and to promote dissemination, validation studies, and feedback. The diagnostic construct should be re-considered every 3-5 years.
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GLIM convened in 2018 to build a global consensus for diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults applicable in diverse global settings.
“In 2018 (Figure 1), the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) convened to build a global consensus for diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults applicable in diverse global settings (15).”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
The Introduction and Abstract explicitly say GLIM was convened in January 2016, not 2018. The paper supports the stated goal of developing global consensus on adult malnutrition diagnostic criteria, but contradicts the claimed convening year. The Results describe a meeting in January 2018, which is distinct from GLIM's convening. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA list of conditions was provided in the original guidance that could be used to determine assimilation challenges, but severity and duration were not considered at that time.
“A list of conditions was provided in the original guidance 3 , 4 , 5 that could be used to determine assimilation challenges. However, severity and duration were not considered at that time.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Section 3.6 (page unavailable) lists conditions associated with reduced nutrient assimilation, supporting the first part of the claim. But it explicitly instructs clinicians to discern severity using factors including frequency and duration of losses, contrary to the claim that severity and duration were not considered. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe most accurate and reliable methods for assessing body composition, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, have limited availability in outpatient settings and relatively high costs.
“The most accurate and reliable methods for assessing body composition (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], computed tomography [CT], and DXA) have limited availability in outpatient settings and relatively high costs.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Section 3.5 (page not provided) recommends DXA, CT and MRI as validated measures and says such methods are unavailable in most settings for nutritional assessment. It anticipates less costly technologies, but does not call these three methods the most accurate and reliable, establish their costs, or specifically describe outpatient availability. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGLIM recommends measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) as a biomarker to judge whether systemic inflammation is chronic or severe, although low albumin/prealbumin levels are also included.
“To judge whether systemic inflammation is chronic or severe, GLIM recommends the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a biomarker, although low albumin/prealbumin levels are also included.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Section 3.7 (page unavailable) lists CRP, albumin, and pre-albumin as possible supportive proxy measures of inflammation, and the table note reproduced in section 3.6 says CRP may be used as a supportive laboratory measure. The paper describes clinical diagnosis and judgment for recognizing chronic or severe inflammation; it does not recommend CRP measurement as necessary for judging either, nor does it specify low albumin/pre-albumin levels as GLIM criteria. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe 2019 GLIM consensus papers provided a framework for a globally accepted diagnostic process that should be valid for adults in most settings, irrespective of methodological availability and resources.
“These insights culminated in the 2019 GLIM consensus papers that provided a framework for a globally accepted diagnostic process that should be valid for adults in most settings, irrespective of methodological availability and resources.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
The consensus procedure and Discussion describe a framework intended for global use, with simple criteria and widely available methods; Section 3.5 offers alternative measures where preferred methods are unavailable. But the Conclusion limits the proposed criteria to adults in clinical settings and calls for validation, so applicability across most settings regardless of resources is stronger than the paper establishes. The indexed copy does not provide page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Reduced food intake is defined as food intake equal to or less than 50% of energy requirements over one week, or any reduction in food intake for more than two weeks.
“reduced 1745 food intake is defined as food intake equal to or less than 50% of energy requirements over one 1746 week, or any reduction in food intake for more than two weeks.”
From ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Section 3.6 identifies reduced food intake as a GLIM etiologic criterion and says the group sought practical thresholds. The passages available from our copy do not state the claimed ≤50% threshold or the one- and two-week durations; searches for those terms did not recover them. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTo assess food intake, the GLIM advocated the use of semi-quantitative methods.
“To assess food intake, the GLIM advocated the use of semi-quantitative methods [8]”
From ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Section 3.6 treats reduced food intake as a GLIM criterion and discusses thresholds for assessing its impairment. It does not advocate semi-quantitative methods for assessing intake; a search for that term found no such recommendation in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReduced muscle mass is a phenotypic criterion for the diagnosis of malnutrition by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and is a defining characteristic of sarcopenia and frailty.
“Indeed, reduced muscle mass is now recognized as a phenotypic criterion for the diagnosis of malnutrition by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition 62 and is also a defining characteristic of sarcopenia and frailty.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Declines in muscle function may be more evident than declines in muscle mass.
“Declines in muscle function may be more evident than declines in muscle mass.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has provided the basis for a set of globally applicable criteria to diagnose adult undernutrition.
“However, recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has provided the basis for a set of globally applicable criteria to diagnose adult undernutrition (15).”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM recommends that muscle mass be measured by compositional analysis, such as analysis of FFMI by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA).
“Like ESPEN 2015, GLIM recommends that muscle mass be measured by compositional analysis, such as the analysis of FFMI by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA).”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM guidelines recommend initial screening with a validated screening tool to identify at-risk status.
“Following in the footsteps of the ESPEN 2015 recommendations, the GLIM guidelines recommend an initial screening with a validated screening tool to identify “at risk” status.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM uses phenotypic criteria to grade severity of malnutrition as moderate or severe based on numerical cutoffs of weight loss, BMI, or reduced muscle mass.
“Akin to the ASPEN/AND guidelines of 2012, GLIM uses phenotypic criteria to grade the severity of malnutrition as “moderate” or “severe” based on numerical cutoffs of weight loss, BMI, or reduced muscle mass.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Discrepancies between ASPEN and ESPEN malnutrition diagnostic criteria called for a unified consensus diagnostic criteria set.
“The discrepancies between malnutrition diagnostic criteria suggested by the two major nutrition societies, ASPEN and ESPEN, called for an opportunity to publish a unified consensus diagnostic criteria set for malnutrition.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM malnutrition diagnosis relies on the presence of one etiologic and one phenotypic criterion.
“Malnutrition diagnosis according to GLIM relies on the presence of one etiologic and one phenotypic criterion.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM incorporates inflammation as an etiologic criterion, whether related to acute disease/injury or chronic disease.
“Like the ASPEN 2012 guidelines, GLIM also incorporates inflammation as an etiologic criterion, whether related to acute disease/injury or related to chronic disease.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM recommended etiologic indicators include reduced food intake.
“Recommended etiologic indicators according to GLIM include reduced food intake (Table 2).”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
If at risk, GLIM recommends assessment consisting of malnutrition diagnosis and grading of severity.
“If a subject is determined to be at risk of malnutrition, it is recommended that clinicians move on to assessment, consisting of malnutrition diagnosis and grading of severity.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM recognizes that availability of analytical equipment varies with geography, so physical examination or standard anthropometric methods such as mid-arm muscle or calf circumference can be used with thresholds adapted to race.
“However, recognizing that the availability of analytical equipment varies with geography, physical examination, or standard anthropometric methods such as mid-arm muscle or calf circumference can be used with thresholds adapted to race.”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
GLIM phenotypic criteria include non-volitional weight loss, low BMI, or reduced muscle mass.
“Phenotypic criteria include non-volitional weight loss, low BMI, or reduced muscle mass (Table 2).”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
The GLIM consensus process arrived at a two-step procedure starting with nutrition screening followed by diagnostic assessment for confirmation of malnutrition.
“The consensus process arrived at a two‐step GLIM procedure that starts with nutrition screening followed by diagnostic assessment for confirmation of malnutrition.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
GLIM introduced an approach for malnutrition diagnosis in 2019 comprising screening followed by assessment of three phenotypic criteria (weight loss, low BMI, low muscle mass) and two etiologic criteria (reduced food intake/assimilation and inflammation/disease burden).
“The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) introduced an approach for malnutrition diagnosis in 2019 that comprised screening followed by assessment of three phenotypic criteria (weight loss, low body mass index [BMI], and low muscle mass) and two etiologic criteria (reduced food intake/assimilation and inflammation/disease burden).”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
At least one phenotypic criterion and one etiologic criterion are required for the diagnosis of malnutrition.
“At least one phenotypic criterion and one etiologic criterion are required for the diagnosis of malnutrition.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Acute disease/injury-related severe inflammation is likely to be associated with major infection, burns, trauma, or closed head injury.
“Acute disease/injury‐related severe inflammation is likely to be associated with major infection, burns, trauma, or closed head injury.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Reduced assimilation of food/nutrients is associated with malabsorptive disorders such as short bowel syndrome, pancreatic insufficiency, and after bariatric surgery.
“Reduced assimilation of food/nutrients is associated with malabsorptive disorders such as short bowel syndrome, pancreatic insufficiency, and after bariatric surgery.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Transient inflammation of a mild degree does not meet the threshold for the etiologic criterion of inflammation.
“Note that transient inflammation of a mild degree does not meet the threshold for this etiologic criterion.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Thresholds for reduced muscle mass need to be adapted to race (Asia).
“Thresholds for reduced muscle mass need to be adapted to race (Asia).”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Gastrointestinal symptoms can impair food intake or absorption and should be considered supportive indicators.
“Consider gastrointestinal symptoms as supportive indicators that can impair food intake or absorption (dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain).”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Chronic disease-related inflammation is generally mild to moderate and often recurrent and is likely to be associated with malignant disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease, or any disease with chronic or recurrent inflammation.
“Chronic disease‐related inflammation is generally mild to moderate and often recurrent and is likely to be associated with malignant disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease, or any disease with chronic or recurrent inflammation.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Other acute disease/injury-related conditions are likely to be associated with mild to moderate inflammation.
“Other acute disease/injury‐related conditions are likely to be associated with mild to moderate inflammation.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Reduced assimilation of food/nutrients is also associated with disorders such as esophageal strictures, gastroparesis, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
“It is also associated with disorders such esophageal strictures, gastroparesis, and intestinal pseudo‐obstruction.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are methods that can be used to evaluate muscle mass when experience and relevant reference values are available.
“Bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound are methods that can be used when experience and relevant reference values are available.”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
The assessment of food energy intake has long been considered a key part of the nutritional assessment.
“The assessment of food energy intake has long been considered a key part of the nutritional 1720 assessment [8, 106, 235].”
From ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
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Self-citationSantos, L. P., Gonzalez, M. C., Orlandi, S. P., Bielemann, R. M., Barbosa‐Silva, T. G., Heymsfield, S. B., & COCONUT Study Group (2019) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.1605 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationCederholm, T., Jensen, G. L., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Blaauw, R., Correia, M. I. T. D., Cuerda, C., Evans, D. C., Fukushima, R., Ochoa Gautier, J. B., Gonzalez, M. C., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.026 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationESPEN guideline on nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients
Wunderle, C., Gomes, F., Schuetz, P., Stumpf, F., Austin, P., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Cederholm, T., Fletcher, J., Laviano, A., Norman, K., et al. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationHenriksen, C., Paur, I., Pedersen, A., Kværner, A. S., Ræder, H., Henriksen, H. B., Bøhn, S. K., Wiedswang, G., & Blomhoff, R. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.024 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Jensen, G. L., Cederholm, T., Ballesteros‐Pomar, M. D., Blaauw, R., Correia, M. I. T. D., Cuerda, C., Evans, D. C., Fukushima, R., Gautier, J. B. O., Gonzalez, M. C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2590 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationCruz-Jentoft, A. J., Gonzalez, M. C., & Prado, C. M. (2023) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-023-00760-7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationGLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update
Jensen, G. L., Cederholm, T., Correia, M. I. T. D., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Pisprasert, V., Blaauw, R., Braz, D. C., Carrasco, F., Cruz Jentoft, A. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2756 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationKong, M., Geng, N., Zhou, Y., Lin, N., Song, W., Xu, M., Li, S., Piao, Y., Han, Z., Guo, R., et al. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.003 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Trujillo, E. B., Kadakia, K. C., Thomson, C., Zhang, F. F., Livinski, A., Pollard, K., Mattox, T., Tucker, A., Williams, V., Walsh, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2688 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis and management of malnutrition in patients with heart failure
Esteban-Fernández, A., Villar-Taibo, R., Alejo, M., Arroyo, D., Bonilla Palomas, J. L., Cachero, M., Joaquin, C., Méndez Bailón, M., Pérez-Rivera, J. Á., Romero-Vigara, J. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12093320 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Díaz, G., T.D. Correia, M. I., Gonzalez, M. C., & Reyes, M. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.12.007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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Bian, W., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Chang, L., Deng, L., Li, Y., Jiang, H., & Zhou, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1174945 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“(3) The research population was hospitalized adults, with no limitations on the type of disease.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNutrition Care Process Model Approach to Surgical Prehabilitation in Oncology
Gillis, C., Hasil, L., Kasvis, P., Bibby, N., Davies, S. J., Prado, C. M., West, M. A., & Shaw, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.644706 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Poulter, S., Steer, B., Baguley, B., Edbrooke, L., & Kiss, N. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082602 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians
Hegazi, R., Miller, A., & Sauer, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1169538 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
An overview of anamorelin as a treatment option for cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia
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Raiten, D. J., Steiber, A. L., & Bremer, A. A. (2025) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100385 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fehler, P., Zielińska, M., Uchmanowicz, B., Juárez-Vela, R., Lewandowski, Ł., Zieliński, S., & Czapla, M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020436 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dobbie, L. J., Tolvanen, L., Alves, D., Baker, J. L., Bez, N. S., Birney, S., Bogl, L. H., Brown, A., Bullo, M., Clare, K., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00122-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review
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- Authors
- Cederholm, T., Jensen, G. L., Correia, M. I. T. D., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Higashiguchi, T., Baptista, G., Barazzoni, R., Blaauw, R., Coats, A., Crivelli, A., Evans, D. C., Gramlich, L., Fuchs-Tarlovsky, V., Keller, H., Llido, L., Malone, A., Mogensen, K. M., Morley, J. E., Muscaritoli, M., Nyulasi, I., Pirlich, M., Pisprasert, V., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Siltharm, S., Singer, P., Tappenden, K., Velasco, N., Waitzberg, D., Yamwong, P., Yu, J., Van Gossum, A., Compher, C., Jensen, G. L., Charlene, C., Cederholm, T., Van Gossum, A., Correia, M. I. T. D., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Higashiguchi, T., Baptista, G., Barazzoni, R., Blaauw, R., Coats, A., Crivelli, A., Evans, D. C., Gramlich, L., Fuchs, V., Keller, H., Llido, L., Malone, A., Mogensen, K. M., Morley, J. E., Muscaritoli, M., Nyulasi, I., Pirlich, M., Pisprasert, V., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Siltharm, S., Singer, P., Tappenden, K., Velasco, N., Waitzberg, D., Yamwong, P., & Yu, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas (BR)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Fujita Health University (JP)
- Hospital General de México (MX)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4231015464
- Semantic Scholar
- 450a70f0590766899fb4b83d16ac38015d98161f
- Cited by
- 3,022
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 540 · 2025: 499 · 2024: 495 · 2023: 422 · 2022: 370 · 2021: 325 · 2020: 255 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 119.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- EA Pharma Co., Ltd.
- Terumo
- Taiho Pharmaceutical
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- malnutrition diagnosis, GLIM criteria, low body mass index, inflammation, malnutrition screening, adults, consensus criteria
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