Stem cell secretome, regeneration, and clinical translation: a narrative review
Open accessAbstract
tissue restoration. Stem cell therapy remain at the center of regenerative medicine, due to early reports on its pluripotent differentiating capability. However, more recent reports suggest the paracrine activity of stem cells, and not direct differentiation, as the cause of its therapeutic effects. This paracrine activity can be harnessed in the form of conditioned media. Despite these capabilities, the clinical translation of stem cell conditioned media (i.e., secretome) is precluded by a variety of factors. These limitations include standardization of stem cell-conditioned media formulation, characterization of bioactive factors in conditioned media and dosing, optimizing modes of delivery, and uncovering of mechanisms of action of stem cell conditioned media. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused narration on the aforementioned preclusions pertaining to the clinical translation of stem cell conditioned media. Specifically, we will report on commonly use methodologies for the development of stem cell conditioned media, modalities for conditioned media characterization, modes of delivery, and postulated mechanisms of action for stem cell conditioned media in regenerative medicine.
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Direct injection of secretome into blood circulation usually leads to rapid uptake and clearance of the MSC-sourced secretome by macrophages.
“The system of secretome delivery is also a challenge since direct injection of secretome into blood circulation usually leads to a rapid uptake and clearance of the MSC-sourced secretome by macrophages [126].”
From Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? (2025) · cites this paper as [126]
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- Authors
- Gwam, C., Mohammed, N., & Ma, X.
- Affiliations
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gwam, Chukwuweike
- Venue
- Annals of Translational Medicine
- Publisher
- AME Publishing Company
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-70
- ISSN
- 2305-5839 (ISSN-L)
- 2305-5847
- PMC
- PMC7859812
- OpenAlex
- W3120707740
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Annals of Translational Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- stem cell secretome, paracrine signaling, regenerative medicine, clinical translation, dosage, delivery modality, mechanism of action, tissue regeneration
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