Saved by the nose: Bystander-administered intranasal naloxone hydrochloride for opioid overdose
Open accessAbstract
Administering naloxone hydrochloride (naloxone) during an opioid overdose reverses the overdose and can prevent death. Although typically delivered via intramuscular or intravenous injection, naloxone may be delivered via intranasal spray device. In August 2006, the Boston Public Health Commission passed a public health regulation that authorized an opioid overdose prevention program that included intranasal naloxone education and distribution of the spray to potential bystanders. Participants were taught by trained nonmedical needle exchange staff. After 15 months, the program provided training and intranasal naloxone to 385 participants who reported 74 successful overdose reversals. Problems with intranasal naloxone were uncommon. Overdose prevention education with distribution of intranasal naloxone is a feasible public health intervention to address opioid overdose.
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The intranasal route of administration has been validated for both oxytocin and naloxone in previous human studies.
“This route of administration has been validated for both OT (6, 71) and NAL (72–74) in previous human studies”
From Oxytocin under opioid antagonism leads to supralinear enhancement of social attention (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
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Impacts of an opioid overdose prevention intervention delivered subsequent to acute care
Banta‐Green, C. J., Coffin, P. O., Merrill, J. O., Sears, J. M., Dunn, C. W., Floyd, A. S., Whiteside, L., Yanez, N. D., & Donovan, D. M. (2018) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042676 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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What is known about community pharmacy supply of naloxone? A scoping review
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Treating Addictions: Harm Reduction in Clinical Care and Prevention
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Expanded Access to Opioid Overdose Intervention: Research, Practice, and Policy Needs
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- Authors
- Doe-Simkins, M., Walley, A. Y., Epstein, A., & Moyer, P.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 788-791
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2667836
- OpenAlex
- W2160243203
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- intranasal naloxone, opioid overdose, overdose reversal, bystander intervention, public health regulation, harm reduction, opioid use disorder
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Humans, Male, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Opioid-Related Disorders, Risk Factors, Program Evaluation, Needle-Exchange Programs, Drug Overdose
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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