A response to the opioid overdose epidemic: Naloxone nasal spray
Open accessAbstract
Opioid overdose morbidity and mortality is recognized to have epidemic proportions. Medical and public health agencies are adopting opioid harm reduction strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with overdose. One strategy developed by emergency medical services and public health agencies is to deliver the opioid antidote naloxone injection intranasally to reverse the effects of opioids. Paramedics have used this route to quickly administer naloxone in a needle-free system and avoiding needle-stick injuries and contracting a blood-born pathogen disease such as hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus. Public health officials advocate broader lay person access since civilians are likely witnesses or first responders to an opioid overdose in a time-acute setting. The barrier to greater use of naloxone is that a suitable and optimized needlefree drug delivery system is unavailable. The scientific basis for design and study of an intranasal naloxone product is described. Lessons from nasal delivery of opioid analgesics are applied to the consideration of naloxone nasal spray.
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Most studies and clinical applications of NAL have delivered NAL by the i.v., i.m., or s.c. route, with the i.v. route being the recommended route.
“Most studies and clinical applications of NAL have delivered NAL by the i.v., i.m., or s.c. route, with the i.v. route being the recommended route (57).”
From Oxytocin under opioid antagonism leads to supralinear enhancement of social attention (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
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Oxytocin under opioid antagonism leads to supralinear enhancement of social attention
Dal Monte, O., Piva, M., Anderson, K. M., Tringides, M., Holmes, A. J., & Chang, S. W. C. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1702725114 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Wermeling, D. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wermeling, Daniel P.
- Venue
- Drug Delivery and Translational Research
- Published
- 2012-08-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-74
- ISSN
- 2190-393X (ISSN-L)
- 2190-3948
- PMC
- PMC3668569
- OpenAlex
- W1999051465
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Drug Delivery and Translational Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R42DA030001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- naloxone, intranasal drug delivery, opioid overdose, needle-free drug delivery, paramedics, first responders, needlestick injuries
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