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Cited by 308Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesGender, Health, and Social Inequality

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cumulative Effect of Racial Discrimination on the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom

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Wallace, Stephanie, Nazroo, James, Bécares, Laia·2016·American Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.2105/ajph.2016.303121PMC PMC4984732
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Abstract

Objectives. To examine the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to racial discrimination and changes in the mental health of ethnic minority people. Methods. We used data from 4 waves (2009–2013) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal household panel survey of approximately 40 000 households, including an ethnic minority boost sample of approximately 4000 households. Results. Ethnic minority people who reported exposure to racial discrimination at 1 time point had 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental component scores 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.31, −0.56) points lower than did those who reported no exposure to racial discrimination, whereas those who had been exposed to 2 or more domains of racial discrimination, at 2 different time points, had SF-12 mental component scores 8.26 (95% CI = −13.33, −3.18) points lower than did those who reported no experiences of racial discrimination. Controlling for racial discrimination and other socioeconomic factors reduced ethnic inequalities in mental health. Conclusions. Cumulative exposure to racial discrimination has incremental negative long-term effects on the mental health of ethnic minority people in the United Kingdom. Studies that examine exposure to racial discrimination at 1 point in time may underestimate the contribution of racism to poor health.

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3 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Jackson JS, 1996, Ethn Dis, 6, 132
  2. National Research Council, 2004, Measuring Racial Discrimination: Panel on Methods for Assessing Discrimination
  3. Williams DR, 2001, Ethn Dis, 11, 800
  4. Knies G, 2014, Understanding Society – The UK Household Longitudinal Study: Waves 1-4, 2009-2013, User Manual
  5. Ware J, 2009, User’s Manual for the SF-12v2 Health Survey With a Supplement Documenting SF-12 Health Survey
  6. StataCorp, 2013, Stata Statistical Software: Release 13

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Metadata

Authors
Wallace, S., Nazroo, J., & Bécares, L.
Affiliations
University of Manchester (GB)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Public Health
Publisher
American Public Health Association
Published
2016-07
Volume
106
Issue
7
Pages
1294-1300
ISSN
  • 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-0048
DOI
10.2105/ajph.2016.303121
PMC
PMC4984732
OpenAlex
W2339150223
Cited by
308
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4
FWCI
54.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K001582/1, ES/K002198/1)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
Keywords
racial discrimination, cumulative exposure, ethnic minorities, mental health, ethnic health disparities, racism, UK Household Longitudinal Study, socioeconomic factors
MeSH terms
Ethnicity, Female, United Kingdom, Health Status, Hexetidine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Health Status Disparities, Racism

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