Cited by 1,263Race, Genetics, and SocietyMedical History and ResearchEthics and bioethics in healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Under the shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and health care.

Open access

Gamble, V N·1997·American Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.2105/ajph.87.11.1773PMC PMC1381160

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study continues to cast its long shadow on the contemporary relationship between African Americans and the biomedical community. Numerous reports have argued that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study is the most important reason why many African Americans distrust the institutions of medicine and public health. Such an interpretation neglects a critical historical point: the mistrust predated public revelations about the Tuskegee study. This paper places the syphilis study within a broader historical and social context to demonstrate that several factors have influenced--and continue to influence--African American's attitudes toward the biomedical community.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2105/ajph.87.11.1773

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: implications for HIV education and AIDS risk education programs in the black community.
Thomas, S. B., & Quinn, S. C. (1991) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.81.11.1498 · Cited by 785
Recruiting Minorities Into Clinical Trials Toward a Participant-Friendly System
Swanson, G. M., & Ward, A. J. (1995) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/87.23.1747 · Cited by 558
Racial Inequalities in the Use of Procedures for Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease in Massachusetts
Wenneker, M. B. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420020107039 · Cited by 532
Racial Differences in the Use of Invasive Cardiovascular Procedures in the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical System
Whittle, J., Conigliaro, J. C., Good, C. B., & Lofgren, R. P. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199308263290907 · Cited by 506
Access to Medical Care for Black and White Americans
Blendon, R. J. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420020132045 · Cited by 489
A Legacy of Distrust: African Americans and Medical Research
Gamble, V. N. (1993) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30664-0 · Cited by 406
Self-citation
Racial Variation in Cardiac Procedure Use and Survival Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Peterson, E. D. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510390045028 · Cited by 366
Racial Differences in the Use of Drug Therapy for HIV Disease in an Urban Community
Moore, R. D., Stanton, D. L., Gopalan, R., & Chaisson, R. E. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199403173301107 · Cited by 354
Racial variation in cardiac procedure use and survival following acute myocardial infarction in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Peterson, E. D. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.271.15.1175 · Cited by 302
American Slavery as It is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
Weld, T. D. (2019) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 279

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 32 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

Research," American Journal of Preventive Medicine 9 (1993): 35-38;
A detailed examination of the campaign to establish Black hospitals can be found in Vanessa Northington Gamble, Making a Place for Ourselves: The Black Hospital Movement, 1920-1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
H. M. Green, A More or Less Critical Review of the Hospital Situation among Negroes in the United States (n.d., circa 1930), 4-5.
Frances Cress Welsing, The Isis Papers: The Keys to the Colors (Chicago: Third World Press, 1991), 298-299. Although she is not very well known outside of the African- American community, Welsing, a physician, is a popular figure within it. The Isis Papers headed for several weeks the best-seller list maintained by Black bookstores.
"Fear Creates Lack of Donor Organs among Blacks," Weekend Edition, National Public Radio, 13 March 1994.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 999

Non-Verbal Communication Between Primary Care Physicians and Older Patients: How Does Race Matter?
Štěpáníková, I., Zhang, Q., Wieland, D., Eleazer, G. P., & Stewart, T. J. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1934-z · Cited by 44
The Inclusion of African-American Study Participants in Web-Based Research Studies: Viewpoint
Watson, B., Robinson, D. H. Z., Harker, L., & Arriola, K. J. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5486 · Cited by 44
Perceived Sources of Stress and Resilience in Men in an African American Community
Chung, B., Meldrum, M. L., Jones, F., Brown, A., & Jones, L. (2014) · Progress in community health partnerships · doi:10.1353/cpr.2014.0053 · Cited by 43
Usability of Telehealth Technologies
Agha, Z., Weir, C. R., & Chen, Y. (2013) · International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications · doi:10.1155/2013/834514 · Cited by 43
Nonprobability and Probability-Based Sampling Strategies in Sexual Science
Catania, J. A., Dolcini, M. M., Orellana, E. R., & Narayanan, V. (2015) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1016476 · Cited by 43
African-American preference for same-race healthcare providers: the role of healthcare discrimination.
Malat, J., & van Ryn, M. (2005) · PubMed · doi:10.13016/ztjv-6lld · Cited by 43
Consumer participation in disability research: The golden rule as a guide for ethical practice.
White, G. W. (2002) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.47.4.438 · Cited by 43
“Ready-to-Recruit” or “Ready-to-Consent” Populations? Informed Consent and the Limits of Subject Autonomy
Fisher, J. (2007) · Qualitative inquiry : QI · doi:10.1177/1077800407304460 · Cited by 46
Gaslighting: ALS, anti‐Blackness, and medicine
Carter, C. R. (2022) · Feminist Anthropology · doi:10.1002/fea2.12107 · Cited by 47
Will Public Health's Response to Terrorism Be Fair? Racial/Ethnic Variations in Perceived Fairness During a Bioterrorist Event
Eisenman, D. P., Wold, C. M., Setodji, C. M., Hickey, S. C., Lee, B. D., Stein, B. D., & Long, A. (2004) · Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Biodefense Strategy Practice and Science · doi:10.1089/15387130460759191 · Cited by 42
Disparities in Mental Health Service Utilization among Low-Income African American Adolescents: Closing the Gap by Enhancing Practitioner’s Competence
Copeland, V. C. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-006-0061-x · Cited by 42
Medical Mistrust, Discrimination, and the Domestic HIV Epidemic
Bogart, L. M., Takada, S., & Cunningham, W. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48744-7_12 · Cited by 42
Racial differences in public perceptions of voluntariness of medical research participants in South Africa
Barsdorf, N., & Wassenaar, D. R. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.039 · Cited by 42
Hospice Utilization and End-of-Life Care Decision Making of African Americans
Mazanec, P. M., Daly, B. J., & Townsend, A. L. (2010) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/1049909110372087 · Cited by 42
The Longue Durée of Black Lives Matter
Nelson, A. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303422 · Cited by 41
The Communication, Awareness, Relationships and Empowerment (C.A.R.E.) Model: An Effective Tool for Engaging Urban Communities in Community-Based Participatory Research
Ceasar, J. N., Peters-Lawrence, M. H., Mitchell, V. M., & Powell‐Wiley, T. M. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14111422 · Cited by 41
Healthcare provider cultural competency: Development and initial validation of a patient report measure.
Lucas, T., Michalopoulou, G., Falzarano, P. R., Menon, S., & Cunningham, W. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.185 · Cited by 41
The Praise! Project:
Ammerman, A. S., Washington, C., Jackson, B., Weathers, B., Campbell, M. K., Davis, G., Garson-Angert, D., Paige, R. J., Parks-Bani, C., Joyner, M. H., et al. (2002) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/152483990200300223 · Cited by 41
Influence of Trust on HIV Diagnosis and Care Practices: A Literature Review
Graham, J. L., Giordano, T. P., Grimes, R. M., Slomka, J., Ross, M. W., & Hwang, L. (2010) · Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care · doi:10.1177/1545109710380461 · Cited by 41
Minority Recruitment in Hereditary Breast Cancer Research
Hughes, C., Peterson, S. K., Ramírez, A. G., Gallion, K. J., Green, P. A., Skinner, C. S., & Bowen, D. J. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1146.13.7 · Cited by 41
New Century Scholars
Pachter, L. M., & Kodjo, C. M. (2015) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000669 · Cited by 40
Race for Cures: Rethinking the Racial Logics of ‘Trust’ in Biomedicine
Benjamin, R. (2014) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12167 · Cited by 39
Association of a Policy Mandating Physician-Patient Communication With Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction
Mahmoudi, E., Lu, Y., Metz, A. K., Momoh, A. O., & Chung, K. C. (2017) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0921 · Cited by 40
Public knowledge of late-life cognitive decline and dementia in an international sample
Van Patten, R., & Tremont, G. (2020) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301218805923 · Cited by 40
Chronic illness medication compliance: a liminal and contextual consumer journey
Nakata, C. C., Izberk‐Bilgin, E., Sharp, L. K., Spanjol, J., Cui, A. S., Crawford, S. Y., & Xiao, Y. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-018-0618-1 · Cited by 50
Examining patients’ trust in physicians and the VA healthcare system in a prospective cohort followed for six-months after an exacerbation of heart failure
Gordon, H. S., Pugach, O., Berbaum, M. L., & Ford, M. E. (2014) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2014.07.022 · Cited by 38
Influence of Patient and Physician Characteristics on Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Decision-Making
Modi, S., Whetstone, L. M., & Cummings, D. M. (2007) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.0145 · Cited by 40
How Does Health Information Influence African American Men’s Health Behavior?
Griffith, D. M., Ellis, K. R., & Allen, J. O. (2011) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988311426910 · Cited by 42
Quitline Utilization Rates of African-American and White Smokers: The California Experience
Zhu, S., Gardiner, P., Cummins, S. E., Anderson, C. M., Wong, S., Cowling, D., & Gamst, A. C. (2011) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.100611-quan-185 · Cited by 39
Organized ambivalence: when sickle cell disease and stem cell research converge
Benjamin, R. (2011) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2011.552710 · Cited by 39
Regional differences in awareness and attitudes regarding genetic testing for disease risk and ancestry
Jonassaint, C. R., Santos, E. R., Glover, C. M., Payne, P. W., Fasaye, G., Oji-Njideka, N. S., Hooker, S. E., Hernandez, W., Foster, M. W., Kittles, R. A., et al. (2010) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0845-0 · Cited by 39
Examining African Americans' Mistrust of the Health Care System: Expanding the Research Question
King, W. D. (2003) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50263-7 · Cited by 46
Understanding the relationship between knowledge and African Americans’ donation decision-making
Arriola, K. J., Robinson, D. H. Z., Perryman, J. P., & Thompson, N. J. (2007) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.09.017 · Cited by 39
Tuskegee: From Science to Conspiracy to Metaphor
Thomas, S. B., & Curran, J. W. (1999) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40463-x · Cited by 39
Barriers and Facilitators to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Black Women: A Qualitative Analysis Guided by a Socioecological Model
D’Angelo, A. B., Ewart, L. D., Koken, J. A., Bimbi, D. S., Brown, J. T., & Grov, C. (2021) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000241 · Cited by 38
Ethical Issues in Public Health
Tulchinsky, T. H. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804571-8.00027-5 · Cited by 42
Examining the Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer
Vince, R., Jamieson, S., Mahal, B. A. V., & Underwood, W. (2021) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2021.08.004 · Cited by 38
Barrier to pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations in Black elderly communities: mistrust.
Harris, L. M., Chin, N. P., Fiscella, K. A., & Humiston, S. G. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 38
Extending the interrogation: Life span, life course, and the constitution of human aging
Dannefer, D., & Daub, A. (2009) · Advances in Life Course Research · doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2009.05.001 · Cited by 38
Decisions to participate in research: views of underserved minority drug users with or at risk for HIV
Slomka, J., Ratliff, E. A., McCurdy, S., Timpson, S. C., & Williams, M. L. (2008) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120701866992 · Cited by 35
Understanding the Role of Clergy in African American Organ and Tissue Donation Decision-Making
Arriola, K. J., Perryman, J. P., Doldren, M., Warren, C. M., & Robinson, D. H. Z. (2007) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557850701616896 · Cited by 38
When Is Risk Stratification by Race or Ethnicity Justified in Medical Care?
Chin, M. H., & Humikowski, C. A. (2002) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200203000-00005 · Cited by 38
Recruiting African American Men for Cancer Screening Studies: Applying a Culturally Based Model
Abernethy, A. D., Magat, M. M., Houston-Armstrong, T. R., Arnold, H. L., Bjorck, J. P., & Gorsuch, R. L. (2005) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198104272253 · Cited by 38
African-American sexuality and HIV/AIDS: recommendations for future research.
Wyatt, G., Williams, J. K., & Myers, H. (2008) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31173-1 · Cited by 40
Racial/ethnic disparities in interhospital transfer for conditions with a mortality benefit to transfer among patients with Medicare
Shannon, E. M., Zheng, J., Orav, E. J., Schnipper, J. L., & Mueller, S. K. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3474 · Cited by 37
Trust in context: The impact of regulation on blockchain and DeFi
Bodó, B., & Filippi, P. D. (2024) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12637 · Cited by 48
Systematic review of racial disparities in clozapine prescribing
Williams, J. C., Harowitz, J., Glover, J., Tek, C., & Srihari, V. H. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.023 · Cited by 37
The likelihood of participation in clinical trials can be measured: the Clinical Research Involvement Scales
Frew, P. M., Hou, S., Davis, M. A., Chan, K., Horton, T., Shuster, J., Hixson, B., & del Rı́o, C. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.12.002 · Cited by 37
Toward a more public discussion of the ethics of federal social program evaluation
Blustein, J. (2005) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.20141 · Cited by 36
Willingness to Take PrEP for HIV Prevention: The Combined Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Provider Trust
Braksmajer, A., Fedor, T. M., Chen, S.-R., Corales, R. B., Holt, S., Valenti, W. M., & McMahon, J. M. (2018) · AIDS Education and Prevention · doi:10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.1 · Cited by 36
White privilege in neuropsychology: An ‘invisible knapsack’ in need of unpacking?
Cory, J. M. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1801845 · Cited by 37
How mental health professionals can address disparities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Loeb, T. B., Ebor, M. T., Smith-Clapham, A. M., Chin, D., Novacek, D. M., Hampton-Anderson, J. N., Norwood-Scott, E., Hamilton, A. B., Brown, A. F., & Wyatt, G. E. (2020) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000292 · Cited by 36
Is trust a predictor of having a dental home?
GRAHAM, M. A., Logan, H. L., & Tomar, S. L. (2004) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0081 · Cited by 36
Racial Differences in Minnesota Nursing Home Residents’ Quality of Life
Shippee, T. P., Henning‐Smith, C., Rhee, T. G., Held, R. N., & Kane, R. L. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315589576 · Cited by 35
African American Dementia Caregivers
Cloutterbuck, J., & Mahoney, D. F. (2003) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301203002002006 · Cited by 35
“Where Did This [PrEP] Come From?” African American Mother/Daughter Perceptions Related to Adolescent Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Utilization and Clinical Trial Participation
Fletcher, F. E., Fisher, C. B., Buchberg, M. K., Floyd, B., Hotton, A., Ehioba, A., & Donenberg, G. R. (2018) · Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics · doi:10.1177/1556264618755919 · Cited by 36
Reproductive services for women at high risk for maternal mortality: a report of the workshop of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Fellowship in Family Planning, and the Society of Family Planning
Blackwell, S., Louis, J. M., Norton, M. E., Lappen, J. R., Pettker, C. M., Kaimal, A. J., Landy, U., Edelman, A. B., Teal, S. B., & Landis, R. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.008 · Cited by 35
‘Somebody that looks like me’ matters: a qualitative study of black women’s preferences for receiving sexual health services in the USA
Townes, A., Guerra‐Reyes, L., Murray, M., Rosenberg, M. S., Wright, B. N., Long, L., & Herbenick, D. (2020) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2020.1818286 · Cited by 36
Education in Trauma-Informed Care in Maternity Settings Can Promote Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic
HALL, S. L., White, A., Ballas, J., Saxton, S. N., Dempsey, A. G., & Saxer, K. (2021) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2020.12.005 · Cited by 41
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine trust and hesitancy among adults with chronic conditions
Arvanitis, M., Opsasnick, L. A., O’Conor, R. M., Curtis, L. M., Vuyyuru, C., Benavente, J. Y., Bailey, S. C., Jean‐Jacques, M., & Wolf, M. S. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101484 · Cited by 35
ATECAR: An Asian American Community-Based Participatory Research Model on Tobacco and Cancer Control
Grace, X., Toubbeh, J. I., Su, X., & Edwards, R. L. (2004) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839903260146 · Cited by 34
Waived Consent for Emergency Research
Fost, N. (1998) · American Journal of Law & Medicine · doi:10.1017/s009885880001039x · Cited by 35
Racial disparities in EEG research and their implications for our understanding of the maternal brain
Penner, F., Wall, K. M., Guan, K., Huang, H. J., Richardson, L., Dunbar, A. S., Groh, A. M., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2022) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-022-01040-w · Cited by 36
Cultural Competencies for Nurses: Impact on Health and Illness
Dayer-Berenson, L. (2010) · Cited by 34
Health and Psychosocial Outcomes in U.S. Adult Patients with Diabetes from Diverse Ethnicities
Naranjo, D. M., Hessler, D., Deol, R., & Chesla, C. A. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0319-y · Cited by 36
Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic research and health services: Genomix workshop report
Mathew, S., Barwell, J., Khan, N., Lynch, E., Parker, M. J., & Qureshi, N. (2017) · Journal of Community Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12687-017-0317-5 · Cited by 36
A Culturally Sensitive Web-based Intervention to Improve Living Donor Kidney Transplant Among African Americans
Patzer, R. E., McPherson, L. J., Redmond, N., DuBay, D. A., Zayas, C. F., Hartmann, E. L., Mulloy, L., Perryman, J. P., Pastan, S. O., & Arriola, K. J. (2019) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.771 · Cited by 34
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Community Doula Program for Black and Pacific Islander Pregnant People in San Francisco: Findings from a Partnered Process Evaluation
Marshall, C. J., Arteaga, S., Arcara, J., Cuentos, A., Armstead, M., Jackson, A. V., & Gómez, A. M. (2022) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03373-x · Cited by 34
Racial Variation in Treatment Preferences and Willingness to Randomize in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT)
Arega, A., Birkmeyer, N. J. O., Lurie, J. D., Tosteson, T. D., Gibson, J., Taylor, B. A., Morgan, T. S., & Weinstein, J. N. (2006) · Spine · doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000232708.66608.ac · Cited by 34
Can Language-Concordant Prevention Care Managers Improve Cancer Screening Rates?
Beach, M. L., Flood, A. B., Robinson, C. M., Cassells, A. N., Tobin, J. N., Greene, M. A., & Dietrich, A. J. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0373 · Cited by 34
Barriers to adequate follow-up during adjuvant therapy may be important factors in the worse outcome for Black women after breast cancer treatment
Kim, S. H., Ferrante, J. M., Won, B. R., & Hameed, M. (2008) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/1477-7819-6-26 · Cited by 34
Racial Differences in Sensitivity to Behavioral Integrity: Attitudal Consequences, In-Group Effects and Trickle Down among Black and Non-Black EmployeesPreprint
Simons, T. L., Friedman, R., Liu, L. A., & Parks, J. M. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.938208 · Cited by 34
Vaccine Hesitancy and the Accumulation of Distrust
Decoteau, C. L., & Sweet, P. L. (2023) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spad006 · Cited by 38
Clinical Trial Decision Making in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Patterson, C. A., Chávez, V., Mondestin, V., Deatrick, J. A., Li, Y., & Barakat, L. P. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/mph.0000000000000216 · Cited by 33
Consumer (dis-)interest in genetic ancestry testing: the roles of race, immigration, and ancestral certainty
Horowitz, A. L., Saperstein, A., Little, J., Maiers, M. J., & Hollenbach, J. A. (2019) · New Genetics and Society · doi:10.1080/14636778.2018.1562327 · Cited by 33
Faithful Families, Thriving Communities: Bridging Faith and Health Through a State-Level Partnership
Hardison‐Moody, A., & Yao, J. (2019) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304869 · Cited by 33
Improving the HIV Prevention Landscape to Reduce Disparities for Black MSM in the South
Carter, J. W., & Flores, S. A. (2019) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-019-02671-w · Cited by 33
A Systematic Review of Head and Neck Cancer Health Disparities: A Call for Innovative Research
Nallani, R., Subramanian, T. L., Ferguson‐Square, K. M., Smith, J. B., White, J., Chiu, A. G., Francis, C. L., & Sykes, K. J. (2022) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/01945998221077197 · Cited by 33
ASHP Foundation Pharmacy Forecast 2023: Strategic Planning Guidance for Pharmacy Departments in Hospitals and Health Systems
DiPiro, J. T., Nesbit, T. W., Reuland, C., Cunningham, F. E., Schweitzer, P., Chisholm‐Burns, M. A., Martinez, L., Shane, R. R., Scott, C. M., Nelson, S. D., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxac274 · Cited by 33
Breast cancer survivors willingness to participate in an acupuncture clinical trial: a qualitative study
Schapira, M. M., Mackenzie, E. R., Lam, R. W., Casarett, D., Seluzicki, C. M., Barg, F. K., & Mao, J. J. J. (2013) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-013-2073-3 · Cited by 33
Ethnic and Racial Disparities in HPV Vaccination Attitudes
Otanez, S., & Torr, B. M. (2017) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-017-0685-2 · Cited by 33
A Culturally Tailored Diabetes Self-Management Intervention Incorporating Race-Congruent Peer Support to Address Beliefs, Medication Adherence and Diabetes Control in African Americans: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Shiyanbola, O. O., Maurer, M. A., Schwerer, L., Sarkarati, N., Wen, M., Salihu, E. Y., Nordin, J., Xiong, P., Egbujor, U. M., & Williams, S. D. (2022) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s384974 · Cited by 31
Shared decision-making around anal cancer screening among black bisexual and gay men in the USA
Acree, M. E., McNulty, M., Blocker, O., Schneider, J. A., & Williams, H. “. S. (2019) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2019.1581897 · Cited by 32
The Impact of African Ancestry on Prostate Cancer Disparities in the Era of Precision Medicine
Lewis, D. D., & Cropp, C. D. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11121471 · Cited by 34
Effects of Social Determinants of Health Care on Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Outcomes in the United States
Gruszczynski, N., Low, C. M., Choby, G. W., Meister, K. D., Smith, B. H., & Balakrishnan, K. (2021) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/01945998211032901 · Cited by 32
Public Health Surveillance of Diabetes in the United States
DESAI, J. R., Geiss, L. S., Mukhtar, Q., Harwell, T. S., Benjamin, S. M., Bell, R. A., & Tierney, E. F. (2003) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/00124784-200311001-00008 · Cited by 32
Condom Provision and Education in Minnesota Public Schools: A Telephone Survey of Parents*
Eisenberg, M. E., Bernat, D. H., Bearinger, L. H., & Resnick, M. D. (2009) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00429.x · Cited by 32
The Association of Optimism and Perceived Discrimination With Health Care Utilization in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease
Stanton, M. V., Jonassaint, C. R., Bartholomew, F. B., Edwards, C. L., Richman, L. S., DeCastro, L. M., & Williams, R. B. (2010) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30733-1 · Cited by 32
The Vaccine Narrative
Heller, J. (2008) · Vanderbilt University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv16755tt · Cited by 32
Consistency between adolescent reports and adult retrospective reports of adolescent marijuana use: Explanations of inconsistent reporting among an African American population
Ensminger, M. E., Juon, H., & Green, K. M. (2006) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.011 · Cited by 32
Rapid Community Participatory Assessment of Health Care in Post-Storm New Orleans
Springgate, B. F., Allen, C., Jones, C., Lovera, S., Meyers, D., Campbell, L. X., Palinkas, L. A., & Wells, K. B. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.08.007 · Cited by 32
Race/ethnic–based opinions on organ donation and transplantation among teens: preliminary results
Spigner, C., Weaver, M. R., Pineda, M., Rabun, K., French, L., Taylor, L., & Allen, M. D. (1999) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0041-1345(98)02022-3 · Cited by 32
Feasibility of a Nurse-Run Asthma Education Program for Urban African-Americans: A Pilot Study
Blixen, C. E., Hammel, J., Murphy, D., & Ault, V. (2001) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1081/jas-10000000264 · Cited by 32
The white racial frame of public health discourses about racialized health differences and “disparities”: what it reveals about power and how it thwarts health equity
Bowleg, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1187307 · Cited by 37
Policy Issues and Stakeholder Concerns Regarding the Storage and Use of Residual Newborn Dried Blood Samples for Research
Rothwell, E., Anderson, R., & Botkin, J. R. (2010) · Policy Politics & Nursing Practice · doi:10.1177/1527154410365563 · Cited by 31
Obsessive–compulsive disorder in African American children and adolescents: Risks, resiliency, and barriers to treatment.
Williams, M. T., & Jahn, M. E. (2016) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000188 · Cited by 33
Message Received: African American Women and Breast Cancer Screening
Passmore, S. R., Williams-Parry, K. F., Casper, E. T., & Thomas, S. B. (2017) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839917696714 · Cited by 31
Race and socioeconomic disparity in treatment and outcome of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury with fracture: Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 1998–2009
Dru, A. B., Reichwage, B. D., Neal, D. W., Vaziri, S., Lockney, D. T., Fox, W. C., Hoh, B. L., & Hoh, D. J. (2019) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0280-6 · Cited by 31
Deconstructing Racism, Hierarchy, and Power in Medical Education: Guiding Principles on Inclusive Curriculum Design
Green, K.-A., Wolinsky, R., Parnell, S. J., Campo, D. D., Nathan, A. S., Garg, P. S., Kaplan, S. E., & Dasgupta, S. (2021) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000004531 · Cited by 34
Addressing Anti‐Black Racism in Bioethics: Responding to the Call
Fletcher, F. E., Ray, K. S., Brown, V. A., & Smith, P. T. (2022) · The Hastings Center Report · doi:10.1002/hast.1360 · Cited by 31

Authors: Gamble, V. N.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Gamble, V N
Venue: American Journal of Public Health
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Published: 1997-11
Volume: 87
Issue: 11
Pages: 1773-1778
ISSN: 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
1541-0048
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.11.1773
PMC: PMC1381160
OpenAlex: W2123107134
Cited by: 1,263
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 2.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Kaiser Permanente
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics: Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Medical History and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
Keywords: Tuskegee syphilis study, African Americans, health care, biomedical research ethics, history of medicine
MeSH terms: Alabama, Black or African American, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Human Experimentation, Prejudice, Syphilis, Patient Selection, Value of Life, Trust, Research Subjects, Biomedical Research, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Under the shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and health care.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks