CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 80Knee injuries and reconstruction techniquesMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationTotal Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychometric Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Use in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review

Gagnier, Joel J., Shen, Ying, Huang, Hsiaomin·2018·JBJS Reviews
DOI 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00114
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background: Despite the high costs of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries to patients and society, we are not aware of any systematic reviews that have been performed on patient-reported outcome instruments designed for this patient population. The purpose of the present review is to identify currently available patient-reported outcome questionnaires for patients with ACL injuries, to appraise and assess the methodological quality and psychometric evidence of the evaluations of identified instruments, and to summarize the overall evidence for each included questionnaire. Methods: A computerized literature search was performed to identify articles appropriate for inclusion in this systematic review. Search terms were related to outcome instruments, ACL injuries, and psychometric properties. Two independent reviewers assessed the suitability of articles for inclusion. The methodological quality of instrument evaluation was assessed with use of the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Psychometric properties were assessed with use of the quality criteria established by Terwee et al. The 2 assessments were synthesized to obtain an overall rating of the psychometric evidence for each questionnaire. Results: Forty-one studies investigating 24 instruments were included. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Form and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were the most frequently assessed instruments. The ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale had 6 properties with positive evidence and was the highest-quality instrument overall. Conclusions: Many of the included studies had low COSMIN ratings. The ACL-RSI is a reliable and valid scale to measure outcomes for patients with ACL injuries. Further assessments with improved methodological quality are needed to determine the psychometric properties of other instruments.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00114

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Several of the PROs (e.g., ACL-RSI, IKDC, KOOS, PROMIS) have documented psychometric properties in this population, including internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness to change.

    “Additionally, several of the PROs (e.g., ACL-RSI, IKDC, KOOS, PROMIS) have documented psychometric properties in this population, including internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness to change.18”

    From Biopsychosocial profiles following ACL reconstruction: A latent class analysis of barriers to return-to-activity (2025) · cites this paper as [18]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 81

  1. Bogunovic, 2013, Operative and nonoperative treatment options for ACL tears in the adult patient: a conceptual review, Phys Sportsmed, 41, 33, 10.3810/psm.2013.11.2034 · DOI
  2. Kowalchuk, 2009, Prediction of patient-reported outcome after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Arthroscopy, 25, 457, 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.02.014 · DOI
  3. Gottlob, 2000, Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: socioeconomic issues and cost effectiveness, Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ), 29, 472
  4. Dodson, 2016, Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in National Football League athletes from 2010 to 2013: a descriptive epidemiology study, Orthop J Sports Med, 4, 2325967116631949, 10.1177/2325967116631949 · DOI
  5. Majewski, 2006, Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study, Knee, 13, 184, 10.1016/j.knee.2006.01.005 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Mather, 2013, MOON Knee Group. Societal and economic impact of anterior cruciate ligament tears, J Bone Joint Surg Am., 95, 1751, 10.2106/JBJS.L.01705 · DOI
  7. Filbay, 2014, Health-related quality of life after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review, Am J Sports Med, 42, 1247, 10.1177/0363546513512774 · DOI
  8. Owens, 2009, Incidence of shoulder dislocation in the United States military: demographic considerations from a high-risk population, J Bone Joint Surg Am., 91, 791, 10.2106/JBJS.H.00514 · DOI
  9. Peer, 2013, The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): a review of its psychometric properties in people undergoing total knee arthroplasty, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 43, 20, 10.2519/jospt.2013.4057 · DOI
  10. Davis, 2015, Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have arrived in sports and exercise medicine: Why do they matter?, Br J Sports Med, 49, 1545, 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093707 · DOI
  11. Howe, 2012, Evaluation of outcome measures for use in clinical practice for adults with musculoskeletal conditions of the knee: a systematic review, Man Ther, 17, 100, 10.1016/j.math.2011.07.002 · DOI
  12. Letchford, 2015, Assessing participation in the ACL injured population: Selecting a patient reported outcome measure on the basis of measurement properties, Knee, 22, 262, 10.1016/j.knee.2015.01.010 · DOI
  13. Wang, 2010, Patient-reported outcome measures for the knee, J Knee Surg, 23, 137, 10.1055/s-0030-1268691 · DOI
  14. Garratt, 2004, DAMASK Trial Team. Patient-assessed health instruments for the knee: a structured review, Rheumatology (Oxford), 43, 1414, 10.1093/rheumatology/keh362 · DOI
  15. Huang, 2015, A systematic review of the psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome instruments for use in patients with rotator cuff disease, Am J Sports Med, 43, 2572, 10.1177/0363546514565096 · DOI
  16. Sun, 1997, Reliability and validity of clinical outcome measurements of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee—a review of the literature, Clin Rheumatol, 16, 185, 10.1007/BF02247849 · DOI
  17. Terwee, 2011, Instruments to assess physical activity in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review of measurement properties, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19, 620, 10.1016/j.joca.2011.01.002 · DOI
  18. Mokkink, 2010, The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study, Qual Life Res., 19, 539, 10.1007/s11136-010-9606-8 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Tijssen, 2011, Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires for hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of the psychometric evidence, BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 12, 117, 10.1186/1471-2474-12-117 · DOI
  20. Uijen, 2012, Measurement properties of questionnaires measuring continuity of care: a systematic review, PLoS One, 7, e42256, 10.1371/journal.pone.0042256 · DOI
  21. Vrijman, 2012, Measurement properties of outcome measures for vitiligo. A systematic review, Arch Dermatol, 148, 1302, 10.1001/archdermatol.2012.3065 · DOI
  22. Terwee, 2009, Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments, Qual Life Res., 18, 1115, 10.1007/s11136-009-9528-5 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Terwee, 2012, Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist, Qual Life Res., 21, 651, 10.1007/s11136-011-9960-1 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Schellingerhout, 2012, Measurement properties of disease-specific questionnaires in patients with neck pain: a systematic review, Qual Life Res., 21, 659, 10.1007/s11136-011-9965-9 · DOI
  25. Johnson, 2004, Does the Lachman testing method affect the reliability of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Form?, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 12, 225, 10.1007/s00167-003-0475-3 · DOI
  26. Irrgang, 2001, Development and validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form, Am J Sports Med, 29, 600, 10.1177/03635465010290051301 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Padua, 2004, Italian version of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form: cross-cultural adaptation and validation, Arthroscopy, 20, 819, 10.1016/S0749-8063(04)00596-1 · DOI
  28. van Meer, 2013, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score or International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form: which questionnaire is most useful to monitor patients with an anterior cruciate ligament rupture in the short term?, Arthroscopy, 29, 701, 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.12.015 · DOI
  29. Çelik, 2014, Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form into Turkish, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 44, 899, 10.2519/jospt.2014.4865 · DOI
  30. Ra, 2014, Comparison of the ceiling effect in the Lysholm score and the IKDC subjective score for assessing functional outcome after ACL reconstruction, Knee, 21, 906, 10.1016/j.knee.2014.06.004 · DOI
  31. Ebrahimzadeh, 2015, The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Short Form: a validity and reliability study, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 23, 3163, 10.1007/s00167-014-3107-1 · DOI
  32. Roos, 1998, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)—development of a self-administered outcome measure, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 28, 88, 10.2519/jospt.1998.28.2.88 · DOI
  33. Comins, 2008, Rasch analysis of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): a statistical re-evaluation, Scand J Med Sci Sports, 18, 336, 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00724.x · DOI
  34. Salavati, 2011, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS); reliability and validity in competitive athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19, 406, 10.1016/j.joca.2011.01.010 · DOI
  35. Paradowski, 2013, Cross-cultural translation and measurement properties of the Polish version of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 11, 107, 10.1186/1477-7525-11-107 · DOI
  36. Mohtadi, 1998, Development and validation of the quality of life outcome measure (questionnaire) for chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency, Am J Sports Med, 26, 350, 10.1177/03635465980260030201 · DOI
  37. Bryant, 2006, Patients undergoing knee surgery provided accurate ratings of preoperative quality of life and function 2 weeks after surgery, J Clin Epidemiol, 59, 984, 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.013 · DOI
  38. Kinikli, 2015, Turkish version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life questionnaire, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 23, 2367, 10.1007/s00167-014-3404-8 · DOI
  39. Lafave, 2017, Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life measure: a continuation of its overall validation, Clin J Sport Med, 27, 57, 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000292 · DOI
  40. Bengtsson, 1996, A study for testing the sensitivity and reliability of the Lysholm knee scoring scale, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 4, 27, 10.1007/BF01565994 · DOI
  41. Briggs, 2009, The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee: 25 years later, Am J Sports Med, 37, 890, 10.1177/0363546508330143 · DOI
  42. Negahban, 2011, Reliability and validity of the Tegner and Marx activity rating scales in Iranian patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury, Disabil Rehabil, 33, 2305, 10.3109/09638288.2011.570409 · DOI
  43. Huang, 2016, Translation, validation and cross-cultural adaptation of a simplified-Chinese version of the Tegner activity score in Chinese patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury, PLoS One, 11, e0155463, 10.1371/journal.pone.0155463 · DOI
  44. Barber-Westin, 1999, Rigorous statistical reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing of the Cincinnati knee rating system in 350 subjects with uninjured, injured, or anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees, Am J Sports Med, 27, 402, 10.1177/03635465990270040201 · DOI
  45. Hopper, 2002, Test-retest reliability of knee rating scales and functional hop tests one year following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Phys Ther Sport, 3, 10, 10.1054/ptsp.2001.0094 · DOI
  46. Webster, 2008, Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, Phys Ther Sport, 9, 9, 10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.09.003 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Kvist, 2013, Translation and measurement properties of the Swedish version of ACL-Return to Sports after Injury questionnaire, Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23, 568, 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01438.x · DOI · Paper page
  48. Slagers, 2017, The Dutch language anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI) - validity and reliability, J Sports Sci., 35, 393, 10.1080/02640414.2016.1167230 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Comins, 2013, Development of the Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL): a condition-specific questionnaire, Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23, e293
  50. Comins, 2013, Dimensionality of the Knee Numeric-Entity Evaluation Score (KNEES-ACL): a condition-specific questionnaire, Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23, e302
  51. Höher, 1995, Validation and application of a subjective knee questionnaire, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 3, 26, 10.1007/BF01553522 · DOI
  52. Hooper, 2001, Validation of the Hughston Clinic subjective knee questionnaire using gait analysis, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 1456, 10.1097/00005768-200109000-00006 · DOI
  53. Björklund, 2006, Reliability of a criterion-based test of athletes with knee injuries; where the physiotherapist and the patient independently and simultaneously assess the patient’s performance, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 14, 165, 10.1007/s00167-005-0658-1 · DOI
  54. Björklund, 2009, Validity and responsiveness of the test of athletes with knee injuries: the new criterion based functional performance test instrument, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 17, 435, 10.1007/s00167-008-0674-z · DOI
  55. Bartholomew, 1998, A psychometric evaluation of the sports inventory for pain, Sport Psychol, 12, 29, 10.1123/tsp.12.1.29 · DOI
  56. Ross, 2002, The relationship between participation restrictions and selected clinical measures following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 10, 10, 10.1007/s001670100238 · DOI
  57. Thomeé, 2006, A new instrument for measuring self-efficacy in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament injury, Scand J Med Sci Sports, 16, 181, 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00472.x · DOI
  58. Laboute, 2010, Validity and reproducibility of the PPLP scoring scale in the follow-up of athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 53, 162, 10.1016/j.rehab.2010.01.004 · DOI
  59. Aufwerber, 2012, Donor-site-related functional problems following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: development of a self-administered questionnaire, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 20, 1611, 10.1007/s00167-011-1812-6 · DOI
  60. Blonna, 2012, Validity and reliability of the SPORTS score, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 20, 356, 10.1007/s00167-011-1608-8 · DOI
  61. George, 2012, Analysis of shortened versions of the tampa scale for kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing scale for patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Clin J Pain, 28, 73, 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31822363f4 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Papuga, 2014, Validation of GAITRite and PROMIS as high-throughput physical function outcome measures following ACL reconstruction, J Orthop Res., 32, 793, 10.1002/jor.22591 · DOI
  63. Nagao, 2016, A novel patient-reported outcome measure for anterior cruciate ligament injury: evaluating the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of Japanese anterior cruciate ligament questionnaire 25, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 24, 2973, 10.1007/s00167-015-3595-7 · DOI
  64. Bost, 2007, The 8-item Short-Form Health Survey and the physical comfort composite score of the quality of recovery 40-item scale provide the most responsive assessments of pain, physical function, and mental function during the first 4 days after ambulatory knee surgery with regional anesthesia, Anesth Analg, 105, 1693, 10.1213/01.ane.0000287659.14893.65 · DOI
  65. Hefti, 1993, Evaluation of knee ligament injuries with the IKDC form, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 1, 226, 10.1007/BF01560215 · DOI
  66. Irrgang, 2002, Development and validation of health-related quality of life measures for the knee, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 95, 10.1097/00003086-200209000-00009 · DOI
  67. Tegner, 1985, Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 43
  68. Lysholm, 1982, Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale, Am J Sports Med, 10, 150, 10.1177/036354658201000306 · DOI
  69. Kose, 2015, A comparison of telephone interview versus on-site completion of Lysholm knee score in patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: are the results equivalent?, Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 25, 1069, 10.1007/s00590-015-1605-6 · DOI
  70. Noyes, 1983, The symptomatic anterior cruciate-deficient knee. Part I: the long-term functional disability in athletically active individuals, J Bone Joint Surg Am., 65, 154, 10.2106/00004623-198365020-00003 · DOI
  71. Marx, 2001, Development and evaluation of an activity rating scale for disorders of the knee, Am J Sports Med, 29, 213, 10.1177/03635465010290021601 · DOI
  72. Meyers, 1992, Predicting pain response in athletes: development and assessment of the Sports Inventory for Pain, J Sport Exerc Psychol, 14, 249, 10.1123/jsep.14.3.249 · DOI
  73. Flandry, 1991, Analysis of subjective knee complaints using visual analog scales, Am J Sports Med, 19, 112, 10.1177/036354659101900204 · DOI
  74. Irrgang, 1998, Development of a patient-reported measure of function of the knee, J Bone Joint Surg Am., 80, 1132, 10.2106/00004623-199808000-00006 · DOI
  75. Blonna, 2010, Arthroscopic restoration of terminal elbow extension in high-level athletes, Am J Sports Med, 38, 2509, 10.1177/0363546510376727 · DOI
  76. Sullivan, 1995, The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and validation, Psychol Assess, 7, 524, 10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524 · DOI · Paper page
  77. Roberts, 2008, The reliability and validity of the SF-8 with a conflict-affected population in northern Uganda, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 6, 108, 10.1186/1477-7525-6-108 · DOI
  78. Myles, 2000, Validity and reliability of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-40, Br J Anaesth, 84, 11, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013366 · DOI
  79. Collins, 2014, 15 years of the KOOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of measurement properties, Osteoarthr Cartil, 22, S37, 10.1016/j.joca.2014.02.088 · DOI
  80. Wirth, 2011, [Development and evaluation of a German version of the Lysholm score for measuring outcome after anterior cruciate ligament injuries], Sportverletz Sportschaden, 25, 37, 10.1055/s-0029-1245825 · DOI
  81. Wirth, 2013, [Development and evaluation of a German version of the Tegner activity scale for measuring outcome after anterior cruciate ligament injury], Sportverletz Sportschaden, 27, 21

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Gagnier, J. J., Shen, Y., & Huang, H.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Venue
JBJS Reviews
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2018-04
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
e5-e5
ISSN
2329-9185 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00114
OpenAlex
W2797632568
Cited by
80
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6
FWCI
0.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JBJS Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
Keywords
anterior cruciate ligament injury, patient-reported outcome measures, psychometric properties, instrument validation, COSMIN checklist, KOOS, ACL-RSI scale, return to sport
MeSH terms
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review