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UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
Open accessAbstract
Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a dimension reduction technique that can be used for visualisation similarly to t-SNE, but also for general non-linear dimension reduction. UMAP has a rigorous mathematical foundation, but is simple to use, with a scikit-learn compatible API. UMAP is among the fastest manifold learning implementations available -significantly faster than most t-SNE implementations.
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“Other methods, such as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) (68) or uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) (69), aim to preserve apparent pairwise distances approximately in a reduced two-dimensional space so that it can be readily visualized.”
From Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) [58] is a successor of t-SNE, superior in run time performance, scalability regarding larger datasets, and perseverance of data structure.”
From Explainable AI in medical imaging: An overview for clinical practitioners – Beyond saliency-based XAI approaches (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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“Lack of maturity”
From Explainable AI in medical imaging: An overview for clinical practitioners – Beyond saliency-based XAI approaches (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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“Improved time performance, Better perseverance of data structure”
From Explainable AI in medical imaging: An overview for clinical practitioners – Beyond saliency-based XAI approaches (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
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Self-citationMcInnes,%20Leland%20and%20Healy,%20John%20and%20Saul,%20Nathaniel%20and%20Grossberger,%20Lukas, UMAP, 2018, https://github.com/lmcinnes/umap, 2018-07-22
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Machine learning can identify newly diagnosed patients with CLL at high risk of infection
Agius, R., Brieghel, C., Andersen, M. A., Pearson, A. T., Ledergerber, B., Cozzi‐Lepri, A., Louzoun, Y., Andersen, C. L., Bergstedt, J., von Stemann, J. H., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14225-8 · Cited by 127
Hu, Z., Liu, W., Hua, X., Chen, X., Chang, Y., Hu, Y., Xu, Z., & Song, J. (2021) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.315373 · Cited by 120
Appyters: Turning Jupyter Notebooks into data-driven web apps
Clarke, D. J. B., Jeon, M., Stein, D. J., Moiseyev, N., Kropiwnicki, E., Dai, C. S., Xie, Z., Wojciechowicz, M. L., Litz, S., Hom, J., et al. (2021) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2021.100213 · Cited by 129
“33 The results from these methods are visualized as a 3D interactive scatterplot.”
Methodde Jong, J. O., Llapashtica, C., Genestine, M., Strauss, K. A., Provenzano, F. A., Sun, Y., Zhu, H., Cortese, G. P., Brundu, F. G., Brigatti, K. W., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24358-4 · Cited by 130
Single-cell nuclear architecture across cell types in the mouse brain
Takei, Y., Zheng, S., Yun, J., Shah, S., Pierson, N. G., White, J. A., Schindler, S., Tischbirek, C. H., Yuan, G., & Cai, L. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj1966 · Cited by 115
Metabolic Perturbation Associated With COVID-19 Disease Severity and SARS-CoV-2 Replication
Krishnan, S., Nordqvist, H., Ambikan, A. T., Gupta, S., Sperk, M., Akusjärvi, S. S., Mikaeloff, F., Benfeitas, R., Saccon, E., Ponnan, S. M., et al. (2021) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100159 · Cited by 112
Giles, J. R., Manne, S., Freilich, E., Oldridge, D. A., Baxter, A. E., George, S. M., Chen, Z., Huang, H., Chilukuri, L., Carberry, M., et al. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.004 · Cited by 121
Spatial omics technologies at multimodal and single cell/subcellular level
Park, J., Kim, J., Lewy, T., Rice, C. M., Elemento, O., Rendeiro, A. F., & Mason, C. E. (2022) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-022-02824-6 · Cited by 133
An integrated clustering and BERT framework for improved topic modeling
George, L., & Sumathy, P. (2023) · International Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s41870-023-01268-w · Cited by 162
“UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) is one of the promising dimensionality reduction techniques with solid mathematical foundations [22].”
BackgroundMok, K., Saxena, N., Heitman, N., Grisanti, L., Srivastava, D., Muraro, M. J., Jacob, T., Sennett, R., Wang, Z., Su, Y., et al. (2018) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.034 · Cited by 110
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning for clinical outcome prediction
Pettit, R. W., Fullem, R. L., Cheng, C., & Amos, C. I. (2021) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20210246 · Cited by 142
Leveraging base-pair mammalian constraint to understand genetic variation and human disease
Sullivan, P. F., Meadows, J. R. S., Gazal, S., Phan, B. N., Li, X., Genereux, D. P., Dong, M. X., Bianchi, M., Andrews, G., Sakthikumar, S., et al. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abn2937 · Cited by 113
(2020) · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.063 · Cited by 111
“For visualization, we used uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), a dimensionality reduction approach that has recently been adopted for single-cell data (Becht et al., 2019; McInnes et al., 2018).”
Nanopore sequencing of single-cell transcriptomes with scCOLOR-seq
Philpott, M., Watson, J., Thakurta, A., Brown, T., Brown, T. P., Oppermann, U. C. T., & Cribbs, A. P. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-00965-w · Cited by 114
Deep neural networks for interpreting RNA-binding protein target preferencesPreprint
Ghanbari, M., & Ohler, U. (2020) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.247494.118 · Cited by 119
“Subsequently, we used UMAP (McInnes et al. 2018) to embed the top motifs obtained from the attribution maps and clustered the embedded motifs using DBSCAN clustering.”
MethodData stream analysis: Foundations, major tasks and tools
Bahri, M., Bifet, A., da Gama, J. M. P., Gomes, H. M., & Maniu, S. (2021) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery · doi:10.1002/widm.1405 · Cited by 127
Morgan, D. M., Ruiter, B., Smith, N. P., Tu, A. A., Monian, B., Stone, B. E., Hundal, N. V., Yuan, Q., Shreffler, W. G., & Love, J. C. (2021) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abi5586 · Cited by 116
Ontogeny and Vulnerabilities of Drug-Tolerant Persisters in HER2+ Breast Cancer
Chang, C. A., Jen, J., Jiang, S., Sayad, A., Mer, A. S., Brown, K. R., Nixon, A. M. L., Dhabaria, A., Tang, K. H., Venet, D., et al. (2022) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1265 · Cited by 119
“H, UMAP showing supervised clustering of untreated HCC1419 cells with cell cycle signature genes defined by Xue et al., colored by the unsupervised clusters in G. I-L, UMAP showing supervised clustering of untreated HCC1419 with Xue et al. cell cycle genes, with cells colored by HCC1419-DTP Up (I) or Down (J) DEG expr…”
MethodInfluentialKim, S. T., Chu, Y., Misoi, M., Suarez-Almazor, M. E., Tayar, J. H., Lu, H., Buni, M., Kramer, J., Rodriguez, E., Hussain, Z., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29539-3 · Cited by 117
Screening for generality in asymmetric catalysis
Wagen, C., McMinn, S. E., Kwan, E. E., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05263-2 · Cited by 118
Hu, S., Liu, S., Bian, Y., Poddar, M., Singh, S., Cao, C., McGaughey, J., Bell, A., Blazer, L. L., Adams, J. J., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100754 · Cited by 118
An Nfil3–Zeb2–Id2 pathway imposes Irf8 enhancer switching during cDC1 development
Bagadia, P., Huang, X., Liu, T., Durai, V., Grajales‐Reyes, G. E., Nitschké, M., Modrusan, Z. D., Granja, J. M., Satpathy, A. T., Briseño, C. G., et al. (2019) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0449-3 · Cited by 122
Jo, Y., Cho, H., Park, W. S., Kim, G., Ryu, D., Kim, Y. S., Lee, M., Park, S., Lee, M. J., Joo, H., et al. (2021) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-021-00802-x · Cited by 118
Mammalian evolution of human cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor binding sites
Andrews, G., Fan, K., Pratt, H. E., Phalke, N. N., Karlsson, E. K., Lindblad‐Toh, K., Gazal, S., Moore, J. E., Weng, Z., Andrews, G., et al. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abn7930 · Cited by 110
Metadata
- Authors
- McInnes, L., Healy, J., Saul, N., & Großberger, L.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Open Source Software
- Publisher
- The Open Journal
- Published
- 2018-09-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 29
- Pages
- 861
- ISSN
- 2475-9066 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2889326414
- Cited by
- 9,826
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1775 · 2025: 1933 · 2024: 1675 · 2023: 1392 · 2022: 1193 · 2021: 1058 · 2020: 587 · 2019: 186 · 2018: 24
- FWCI
- 232.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Open Source Software (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques
- Keywords
- UMAP, dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, nonlinear dimensionality reduction, data visualization, scikit-learn
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