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UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
Open accessAbstract
Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a dimension reduction technique that can be used for visualisation similarly to t-SNE, but also for general non-linear dimension reduction. UMAP has a rigorous mathematical foundation, but is simple to use, with a scikit-learn compatible API. UMAP is among the fastest manifold learning implementations available -significantly faster than most t-SNE implementations.
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“Other methods, such as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) (68) or uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) (69), aim to preserve apparent pairwise distances approximately in a reduced two-dimensional space so that it can be readily visualized.”
From Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) [58] is a successor of t-SNE, superior in run time performance, scalability regarding larger datasets, and perseverance of data structure.”
From Explainable AI in medical imaging: An overview for clinical practitioners – Beyond saliency-based XAI approaches (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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“Lack of maturity”
From Explainable AI in medical imaging: An overview for clinical practitioners – Beyond saliency-based XAI approaches (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“Improved time performance, Better perseverance of data structure”
From Explainable AI in medical imaging: An overview for clinical practitioners – Beyond saliency-based XAI approaches (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
McInnes, L., Healy, J., & Melville, J. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.03426 · Cited by 7,101
Self-citationMcInnes,%20Leland%20and%20Healy,%20John%20and%20Saul,%20Nathaniel%20and%20Grossberger,%20Lukas, UMAP, 2018, https://github.com/lmcinnes/umap, 2018-07-22
(n.d.)
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Notch signalling drives synovial fibroblast identity and arthritis pathology
Wei, K., Korsunsky, I., Marshall, J. L., Gao, A., Watts, G. F. M., Major, T., Croft, A. P., Watts, J., BLAZAR, P. E., Lange, J. K., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2222-z · Cited by 536
Ishigaki, K., Akiyama, M., Kanai, M., Takahashi, A., Kawakami, E., Sugishita, H., Sakaue, S., Matoba, N., Low, S.-K., Okada, Y., et al. (2020) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0640-3 · Cited by 508
A noninflammatory mRNA vaccine for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Krienke, C., Kolb, L., Diken, E., Streuber, M., Kirchhoff, S., Bukur, T., Akilli-Öztürk, Ö., Kranz, L. M., Berger, H., Petschenka, J., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay3638 · Cited by 520
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals cell type–specific molecular and genetic associations to lupus
Perez, R. K., Gordon, M. G., Subramaniam, M., Kim, M. C., Hartoularos, G. C., Targ, S., Sun, Y., Ogorodnikov, A., Bueno, R., Lu, A. C., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf1970 · Cited by 535
Crowell, H. L., Soneson, C., Germain, P.-L., Calini, D., Collin, L., Raposo, C., Malhotra, D., & Robinson, M. D. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19894-4 · Cited by 515
Machine Learning for Materials Scientists: An Introductory Guide toward Best Practices
Wang, A., Murdock, R., Kauwe, S. K., Oliynyk, A. O., Gurlo, A., Brgoch, J., Persson, K. A., & Sparks, T. D. (2020) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01907 · Cited by 532
Single-cell mutation analysis of clonal evolution in myeloid malignancies
Miles, L. A., Bowman, R. L., Merlinsky, T. R., Csete, I., Ooi, A. T., Durruthy-Durruthy, R., Bowman, M., Famulare, C. A., Patel, M. A., Méndez, P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2864-x · Cited by 522
The emergence of transcriptional identity in somatosensory neurons
Sharma, N., Flaherty, K., Lezgiyeva, K., Wagner, D. E., Klein, A. M., & Ginty, D. D. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1900-1 · Cited by 490
Single-cell multiomic analysis identifies regulatory programs in mixed-phenotype acute leukemia
Granja, J. M., Klemm, S., McGinnis, L. M., Kathiria, A. S., Mezger, A., Corces, M. R., Parks, B., Gars, E., Liedtke, M., Zheng, G. X. Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0332-7 · Cited by 498
Integrating spatial gene expression and breast tumour morphology via deep learning
He, B., Bergenstråhle, L., Stenbeck, L., Abid, A., Andersson, A., Borg, Å., Maaskola, J., Lundeberg, J., & Zou, J. (2020) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-020-0578-x · Cited by 507
Blastocyst-like structures generated from human pluripotent stem cells
Yu, L., Wei, Y., Duan, J., Schmitz, D. A., Sakurai, M., Wang, L., Wang, K., Zhao, S., Hon, G. C., & Wu, J. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03356-y · Cited by 504
Sarkizova, S., Klaeger, S., Le, P. M., Li, L. W., Oliveira, G., Keshishian, H., Hartigan, C. R., Zhang, W., Braun, D. A., Ligon, K. L., et al. (2019) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0322-9 · Cited by 488
Toroidal topology of population activity in grid cells
Gardner, R. J., Hermansen, E., Pachitariu, M., Burak, Y., Baas, N. A., Dunn, B. A., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04268-7 · Cited by 428
SNT: a unifying toolbox for quantification of neuronal anatomy
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Single-cell transcriptomic characterization of a gastrulating human embryo
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Myelin dysfunction drives amyloid-β deposition in models of Alzheimer’s disease
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PLSDB: a resource of complete bacterial plasmids
Galata, V., Fehlmann, T., Backes, C., & Keller, A. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky1050 · Cited by 469
“Then, UMAP was applied to the distance matrix using parameters n neighbors=50, n components=2, init='random', metric='precomputed'.”
MethodInfluentialSingle-cell RNA sequencing reveals functional heterogeneity of glioma-associated brain macrophages
Ochocka, N., Segit, P., Walentynowicz, K. A., Wojnicki, K., Cyranowski, S., Swatler, J., Mieczkowski, J., & Kaminska, B. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21407-w · Cited by 484
scGNN is a novel graph neural network framework for single-cell RNA-Seq analyses
Wang, J., Ma, A., Chang, Y., Gong, J., Jiang, Y., Qi, R., Wang, C., Fu, H., Ma, Q., & Xu, D. H. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22197-x · Cited by 459
Artificial intelligence for natural product drug discovery
Mullowney, M. W., Duncan, K., Elsayed, S. S., Garg, N., van der Hooft, J. J. J., Martin, N. I., Meijer, D., Terlouw, B. R., Biermann, F., Blin, K., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-023-00774-7 · Cited by 551
“A recent development to t -SNE is the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) algorithm, which is less computationally expensive than the previous approach and can therefore be applied to larger datasets 227 .”
MethodMapping transcriptomic vector fields of single cells
Qiu, X., Zhang, Y., Martin-Rufino, J. D., Weng, C., Hosseinzadeh, S., Yang, D., Pogson, A. N., Hein, M. Y., Min, K. H., Wang, L., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.045 · Cited by 458
“This set of genes was then used for PCA denoising on the size factor–normalized and log1p-transformed data of new RNA counts, followed by UMAP projection (McInnes et al., 2018).”
Andersson, A., Larsson, L., Stenbeck, L., Salmén, F., Ehinger, A., Wu, S. Z., Al-Eryani, G., Roden, D., Swarbrick, A., Borg, Å., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26271-2 · Cited by 404
Illuminating protein space with a programmable generative model
Ingraham, J. B., Baranov, M., Costello, Z., Barber, K. W., Wang, W., Ismail, A., Frappier, V., Lord, D. M., Ng-Thow-Hing, C., Van Vlack, E. R., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06728-8 · Cited by 444
“13, we present samples from Chroma and a set of native structures with global topology descriptors derived from knot theory 43,44 and embed them into two dimensions with UMAP 45 .”
BackgroundMethodMassively multiplex chemical transcriptomics at single-cell resolution
Srivatsan, S. R., McFaline-Figueroa, J. L., Ramani, V., Saunders, L., Cao, J., Packer, J., Pliner, H. A., Jackson, D. L., Daza, R. M., Christiansen, L., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax6234 · Cited by 401
Hwang, W. L., Jagadeesh, K. A., Guo, J. A., Hoffman, H. I., Yadollahpour, P., Reeves, J. W., Mohan, R., Drokhlyansky, E., Van Wittenberghe, N., Ashenberg, O., et al. (2022) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01134-8 · Cited by 426
Jew, B., Alvarez, M., Rahmani, E., Miao, Z., Ko, A., Garske, K. M., Sul, J. H., Pietiläinen, K. H., Pajukanta, P., & Halperin, E. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15816-6 · Cited by 443
Chan, J. M., Quintanal-Villalonga, À., Gao, V. R., Xie, Y., Allaj, V., Chaudhary, O., Masilionis, I., Egger, J. V., Chow, A. T., Walle, T., et al. (2021) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2021.09.008 · Cited by 464
Integrated spatial genomics reveals global architecture of single nuclei
Takei, Y., Yun, J., Zheng, S., Ollikainen, N., Pierson, N. G., White, J. A., Shah, S., Thomassie, J., Suo, S., Eng, C.-H. L., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03126-2 · Cited by 407
Metadata
- Authors
- McInnes, L., Healy, J., Saul, N., & Großberger, L.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Open Source Software
- Publisher
- The Open Journal
- Published
- 2018-09-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 29
- Pages
- 861
- ISSN
- 2475-9066 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2889326414
- Cited by
- 9,826
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1775 · 2025: 1933 · 2024: 1675 · 2023: 1392 · 2022: 1193 · 2021: 1058 · 2020: 587 · 2019: 186 · 2018: 24
- FWCI
- 232.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Open Source Software (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques
- Keywords
- UMAP, dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, nonlinear dimensionality reduction, data visualization, scikit-learn
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