The chemostratigraphy of a Paleoproterozoic MnF- BIF succession -the Voelwater Subgroup of the Transvaal Supergroup in Griqualand West, South Africa
Abstract
Research Article| June 01, 2006 The chemostratigraphy of a Paleoproterozoic MnF- BIF succession –the Voëlwater Subgroup of the Transvaal Supergroup in Griqualand West, South Africa E. A. Schneiderhan; E. A. Schneiderhan Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa e-mail: easc@rau.ac.za Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Gutzmer; J. Gutzmer Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa e-mail: jg@na.rau.ac.za Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar H. Strauss; H. Strauss Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 24, D-48149 Münster, Germany e-mail: hstrauss@uni-muenster.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K. Mezger; K. Mezger Mineralogisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 24, D-48149 Münster Germany e-mail: klaush@nwz.uni-muenster.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar N. J. Beukes N. J. Beukes Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa e-mail: njb@na.rau.ac.za Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information E. A. Schneiderhan Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa e-mail: easc@rau.ac.za J. Gutzmer Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa e-mail: jg@na.rau.ac.za H. Strauss Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 24, D-48149 Münster, Germany e-mail: hstrauss@uni-muenster.de K. Mezger Mineralogisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 24, D-48149 Münster Germany e-mail: klaush@nwz.uni-muenster.de N. J. Beukes Paleoproterozoic Mineralization Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa e-mail: njb@na.rau.ac.za Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1996-8590 Print ISSN: 1012-0750 © 2006 Geological Society of South Africa South African Journal of Geology (2006) 109 (1-2): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.63 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation E. A. Schneiderhan, J. Gutzmer, H. Strauss, K. Mezger, N. J. Beukes; The chemostratigraphy of a Paleoproterozoic MnF- BIF succession –the Voëlwater Subgroup of the Transvaal Supergroup in Griqualand West, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 2006;; 109 (1-2): 63–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.63 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySouth African Journal of Geology Search Advanced Search Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Voëlwater Subgroup in Griqualand West, South Africa, is an exceptionally well preserved succession of banded iron formation, braunite lutite and shallow marine limestone/dolostone. A detailed chemostratigraphic study was carried out on this succession, resulting in a comprehensive set of whole rock geochemical data, including stable isotope (δ13Ccarb, δ13Corg, δ18Ocarb) and 87Sr/86Sr isotope data. The results are in excellent agreement with previous investigations and reveal trends that correspond closely to mineralogical variations and reflect systematic changes in the depositional environment.Total inorganic carbonate contents (TIC) and δ13Ccarb values increase systematically from manganiferous iron formation at the base of the succession to dolostones that mark the top of the Voëlwater Subgroup. These first order trends transgress across all lithologies and mirror the interplay of synsedimentary carbonate formation (utilizing dissolved marine bicarbonate), and Fe-Mn-rich carbonate formation during suboxic early diagenesis. First order trends are modulated by second order variations associated with lithological changes in the lower portion of the Voëlwater Subgroup, constituted by three symmetrical cycles of iron formation and braunite lutite deposition. These second order trends, delineated by TIC and δ13Ccarb, as well as δ18Ocarb and major element concentrations (Mn, Fe, SiO2) can be attributed to repeated physicochemical changes in the MnF-BIF depositional environment. Variations in 87Sr/86Sr isotope composition do not relate to lithological changes. Instead, carbonate-rich and/or Sr-rich samples of MnF and BIF with well-preserved ear
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The entire Hotazel sequence is thought to have been deposited in a continental shelf environment that was starved of terrigenous siliciclastic input.
“The entire sequence is thought to have been deposited in a continental shelf environment that was starved of terrigenous siliciclastic input (Schneiderhan et al., 2006).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Schneiderhan et al., 2006
Cites
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Holland, H. D. (1984) · doi:10.1515/9780691220239 · Cited by 1,836 · see citing works
A new model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry
Canfield, D. E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/24839 · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
The phosphorus cycle, phosphogenesis and marine phosphate-rich deposits
Föllmi, K. B. (1996) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/0012-8252(95)00049-6 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Paleoecological Significance of the Banded Iron-Formation
Cloud, P. (1973) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1135 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Dickin, A. P. (1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-3330 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Kirschvink, J. L., Gaidos, E. J., Bertani, L. E., Beukes, N. J., Gutzmer, J., Maepa, L. N., & Steinberger, R. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1400 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Journal of African earth sciences
Hunter, D. R. (1983) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(83)90223-5 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Cornell, D. H., Schütte, S. S., & Eglington, B. L. (1996) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00090-9 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Beukes, N. J. (1983) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70043-4 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Jacobsen, S. B., & Pimentel‐Klose, M. R. (1988) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(88)90062-3 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Geochemistry of precambrian carbonates: IV. Early paleoproterozoic (2.25 ± 0.25 ga) seawater
Veizer, J., Clayton, R. N., & Hinton, R. W. (1992) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90033-f · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Okita, P. M., Maynard, J. B., Spiker, E. C., & Force, E. R. (1988) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90036-1 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Bau, M., Romer, R. L., Lüders, V., & Beukes, N. J. (1999) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00261-7 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The Depositional Environments of Precambrian Banded Iron-Formations
Eugster, H. P., & Chou, I. (1973) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1144 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari managanese field, South Africa
Gutzmer, J., & Beukes, N. J. (1996) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-1368(96)00011-x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Tsikos, H., Beukes, N. J., Moore, J. M., & Harris, C. (2003) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.98.7.1449 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Tsikos, H., & Moore, J. M. (1997) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.92.1.87 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Bau, M., Höhndorf, A., Dulski, P., & Beukes, N. J. (1997) · The Journal of Geology · doi:10.1086/606152 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A model for the deposition of the microbanded Precambrian iron formations
Garrels, R. M. (1987) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.287.2.81 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gutzmer, J., & Beukes, N. J. (1995) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.4.823 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Kleyenstuber, A. S. E. (1984) · South African Journal of Geology · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Miyano, T., & Beukes, N. J. (1987) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.82.3.706 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Tsikos, H., Moore, J. M., & Harris, C. (2001) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(01)90016-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Kalahari manganese field; an enigmatic association of iron and manganese
Tsikos, H., & Moore, J. M. (1998) · South African Journal of Geology · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A model for the deposition of the microbanded Precambrian iron formations; discussion and reply
Morris, R. C., Trendall, A. F., & Garrels, R. M. (1988) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.288.6.664 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Evolution of the European Mantle Lithosphere a Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Perspective
Wilson, M. (1994) · Mineralogical Magazine · doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.2.244 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 27 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bekker, A., Slack, J. F., Planavsky, N., Krapez, B., Hofmann, A., Konhauser, K. O., & Rouxel, O. J. (2010) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history
Konhauser, K. O., Planavsky, N. J., Hardisty, D. S., Robbins, L. J., Warchola, T. J., Haugaard, R., Lalonde, S. V., Partin, C. A., Oonk, P. B. H., Tsikos, H., et al. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.012 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Iron Formations: Their Origins and Implications for Ancient Seawater Chemistry
Bekker, A., Planavsky, N. J., Krapež, B., Rasmussen, B., Hofmann, A., Slack, J. F., Rouxel, O. J., & Konhauser, K. O. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00719-1 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Maynard, J. B. (2010) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.535 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Manganese mineralogy and diagenesis in the sedimentary rock record
Johnson, J. E., Webb, S. M., Ma, C., & Fischer, W. W. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.027 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Uranium in iron formations and the rise of atmospheric oxygen
Partin, C. A., Lalonde, S. V., Planavsky, N. J., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O. J., Lyons, T. W., & Konhauser, K. O. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.09.005 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A Chronostratigraphic Division of the Precambrian: Possibilities and Challenges
van Kranendonk, M., Altermann, W., Beard, B., Hoffman, P., Johnson, C. M., Kasting, J., Melezhik, V., Nutman, A., Papineau, D., & Pirajno, F. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00016-0 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hoffman, P. F. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.04.018 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Bau, M. (2006) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.81 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Steep Rock Lake: Sedimentology and geochemistry of an Archean carbonate platform
Fralick, P. W., & Riding, R. (2015) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.006 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Putter, T. D., Ruffet, G., Yans, J., & Mees, F. (2015) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.06.015 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Кузнецов, А. Б., Melezhik, V. A., Gorokhov, I. M., Melnikov, N. N., Константинова, Г. В., Kutyavin, E. P., & Turchenko, T. L. (2010) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2010.05.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bekker, A., Krapež, B., & Karhu, J. A. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103389 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zhang, B.-L., Wang, C., Robbins, L. J., Zhang, L., Konhauser, K. O., Dong, Z., Li, W.-J., Peng, Z., & Zheng, M. (2020) · Economic Geology · doi:10.5382/econgeo.4729 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Geochemistry of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted High-Grade Hematite-Martite Iron Ores
Gutzmer, J., Chisonga, B. C., Beukes, N. J., & Mukhopadhyay, J. (2008) · doi:10.5382/rev.15.06 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Schier, K., Bau, M., Smith, A. J. B., Beukes, N. J., Coetzee, L. L., & Viehmann, S. (2020) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.09.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Warke, M. R., Strauß, H., & Schröder, S. (2020) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105767 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gutzmer, J., Plooy, A. P. D., & Beukes, N. J. (2012) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.04.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Paleoproterozoic manganese and base metals deposits at Kisenge-Kamata (Katanga, D.R. Congo)
Putter, T. D., Liégeois, J.-P., Dewaele, S., Cailteux, J. L. H., Boyce, A. J., & Mees, F. (2018) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.04.015 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Palaeoproterozoic Hotazel BIF-Mn Formation as an archive of Earth's earliest oxygenation
Mhlanga, X., Tsikos, H., Lee, B., Rouxel, O. J., Boyce, A. C., Harris, C., & Lyons, T. W. (2023) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104389 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
McIntyre, T., & Fralick, P. W. (2017) · The Depositional Record · doi:10.1002/dep2.36 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kunzmann, M., Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N. J., & Halverson, G. P. (2014) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.2113/gssajg.117.2.173 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tang, D., Xie, B., Shi, X., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106554 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Melezhik, V. A., Kump, L. R., Hanski, E., Fallick, A. E., & Prave, A. R. (2012) · Frontiers in earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29682-6_1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tsikos, H., Siahi, M., Rafuza, S., Mhlanga, X., Oonk, P. B. H., Papadopoulos, V., Boyce, A. J., Mason, P. R. D., Harris, C., Gröcke, D. R., et al. (2022) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2022.05.007 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pickering, R., & Edwards, T. R. (2021) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120364 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Termination of BIF deposition in the Paleoproterozoic: the Tongwane Formation, South Africa
Schröder, S., & Warke, M. R. (2016) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.2113/gssajg.119.2.329 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Murszewski, A., Edwards, T. R., Cruden, A. R., Armstrong, B. J., Boschian, G., & Herries, A. I. R. (2018) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.09.016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Warke, M. R., Schröder, S., & Strauß, H. (2018) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.04.015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Manganese in South Africa: its mineral economics, geology and geometallurgy
von der Heyden, B. P., Smith, A. J. B., Tsikos, H., Tadie, M., Mhlanga, X., van Eeden, L., Backeberg, N. R., Schultz, T. G., & Djeutchou, C. (2024) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.25131/sajg.127.0039 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dekoninck, A., Putter, T. D., Ruffet, G., Mees, F., Zhang, Y., Namur, O., & Kapoma, J. (2024) · Journal of Geochemical Exploration · doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107579 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., & Weyer, S. (2020) · Advances in isotope geochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33828-2_6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
7.10 Chemical Characteristics of Sediments and Seawater
Kump, L. R., Кузнецов, А. Б., Gorokhov, I. M., Melezhik, V. A., Farkaš, J., Chakrabarti, R., Jacobsen, S. B., Reinhard, C. T., Lyons, T. W., Rouxel, O. J., et al. (2012) · Frontiers in earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29670-3_10 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Smith, A. J. B., Fitton, D., Vorster, C., & Schoenberg, R. (2025) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107060 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gaidos, E. J. (2010) · Science Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1201/b10425-19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Koshurba, K., & Johnson, J. E. (2024) · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00092 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mbongonya, M. A., Liu, K., & Baiyegunhi, C. (2022) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-022-10934-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Blignaut, L., Elburg, M., Viljoen, F., Gerdes, A., & Tsikos, H. (2024) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.25131/sajg.127.0025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pienaar, D., Smith, A. J. B., Blignaut, L., & Viljoen, F. (2025) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.25131/sajg.128.0005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Müller, D., Groves, D. I., & Santosh, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26562-4.00006-6
- Authors
- Schneiderhan, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Johannesburg (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Schneiderhan, E. A.
- Venue
- South African Journal of Geology
- Publisher
- Geological Society of South Africa
- Published
- 2006-06-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 63-80
- ISSN
- 1012-0750 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084188903
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- South African Journal of Geology (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- chemostratigraphy, manganese iron oxide, banded iron formations, Paleoproterozoic, Transvaal Supergroup, Griqualand West, geochemical stratigraphy, iron oxide, manganese oxide, Precambrian stratigraphy, paleoceanography, redox conditions, paleotemperature, paleoproductivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review