Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses

Heggenstaller, Andrew H.; Moore, Kenneth J.; Liebman, Matt; Anex, Robert P.

doi:10.2134/agronj2008.0225x

Cited by 135Bioenergy crop production and managementCrop Yield and Soil FertilityPasture and Agricultural Systems

Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses

Heggenstaller, Andrew H., Moore, Kenneth J., Liebman, Matt, Anex, Robert P.·2009·Agronomy Journal

DOI 10.2134/agronj2008.0225x

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Abstract

Recent attention has focused on the use of perennial, warm‐season grasses as renewable energy crops. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of N fertilization on partitioning of biomass and nutrients between above‐ and belowground plant components by four warm‐season grass species in Iowa. In 2006–2007, established stands of big bluestem (Andropogon geradii Vitman), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], and eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] were fertilized with 0, 65, 140, or 220 kg N ha−1 in the spring and harvested following frost in the fall. Dependent on grass species and year, yield response to N was linear or quadratic. Optimum yield after 2 yr was 13.5 Mg ha−1 at 140 kg N ha−1 for all grasses except eastern gamagrass, which demonstrated lower yield and a consistent linear N response. Nitrogen inputs had pronounced but grass‐specific effects on root biomass and nutrient partitioning. For big bluestem and switchgrass, 140 kg N ha−1 maximized root biomass and favored allocation of nutrients to roots over shoots. In contrast, for indiangrass and eastern gamagrass, root biomass and root nutrient allocation were adversely affected by N inputs. For all grasses, 220 kg N ha−1 shifted allocation of nutrients to shoots over roots. Selection of crops and management practices that optimize yield, and maintain a high level of resource partitioning to roots at low to intermediate N input rates will promote the development of productive and efficient bioenergy systems.

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P mobilization from the shoots to the roots is less than N shoot to root mobilization for upland ecotypes.
“P mobilization from the shoots to the roots is less than N shoot to root mobilization for upland ecotypes (Heggenstaller et al., 2009).”
From Field-scale soil property changes under switchgrass managed for bioenergy (2011) · cites this paper as Heggenstaller et al., 2009
Switchgrass grown in higher precipitation regions have P removal rates between 7 and 14 kg P ha-1 yr-1.
“Switchgrass grown in higher precipitation regions have P removal rates between 7 and 14 kg P ha À1 yr À1 (Heggenstaller et al., 2009;Lemus et al., 2009).”
From Field-scale soil property changes under switchgrass managed for bioenergy (2011) · cites this paper as Heggenstaller et al., 2009

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Authors: Heggenstaller, A. H., Moore, K. J., Liebman, M., & Anex, R. P.
Affiliations: MRIGlobal (US)
Iowa State University (US)
Corresponding author: Heggenstaller, Andrew H.
ORCID: Moore, Kenneth J.
Liebman, Matt
Anex, Robert P.
Venue: Agronomy Journal
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-11
Volume: 101
Issue: 6
Pages: 1363-1371
ISSN: 0002-1962 (ISSN-L)
1435-0645
DOI: 10.2134/agronj2008.0225x
OpenAlex: W1984749459
Cited by: 135
References: 38
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 20.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Agronomy Journal (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (CMS0424700)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Pasture and Agricultural Systems
Keywords: nitrogen fertilization, biomass allocation, nutrient partitioning, root biomass, big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii, switchgrass, indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans, eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides, energy crops

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Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses

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