The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dual Class Ownership and Tax Avoidance
Open accessAbstract
ABSTRACT: This study investigates whether the agency conflicts inherent in a dual class ownership structure are associated with the level of firms' tax avoidance. Dual class ownership presents a unique agency problem because insiders control a majority of the votes of a firm despite having claims to a minority of the firm's cash flows. We examine the level of tax avoidance for a sample of dual class firms and find that the extent of tax avoidance declines as the difference between voting rights and cash flow rights increases. We also compare the level of tax avoidance of dual class firms to a sample of propensity matched single class firms and find that dual class firms engage in less tax avoidance as the wedge between insiders' voting rights and cash flow rights increases. These findings are consistent with dual class ownership entrenching managers and allowing them to perform at a suboptimal level. Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x · Cited by 71,491
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error
Heckman, J. J. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912352 · Cited by 28,779
A Survey of Corporate Governance
Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x · Cited by 16,243
Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches
Petersen, M. A. (2009) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhn053 · Cited by 10,746
Corporate Governance and Equity Prices
Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530360535162 · Cited by 6,120
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1997) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-405x(96)00896-3 · Cited by 5,669
Founding‐Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500
Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2003) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/1540-6261.00567 · Cited by 5,122
How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value?
Villalonga, B., & Amit, R. (2006) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.12.005 · Cited by 4,185
Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings
Claessens, S., Djankov, S., Fan, J. P. H., & Lang, L. H. P. (2002) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/1540-6261.00511 · Cited by 3,842
Cited by
Public Pressure and Corporate Tax Behavior
DYRENG, S. D., HOOPES, J. L., & WILDE, J. H. (2016) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1475-679x.12101 · Cited by 533
Metadata
- Authors
- McGuire, S. T., Wang, D., & Wilson, R. J.
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1487-1516
- ISSN
- 0001-4826 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-5068
- OpenAlex
- W3123258275
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 55
- FWCI
- 20.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dual Class Ownership and Tax Avoidance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2139/ssrn.1761994
- The paper
- McGuire, S. T., Wang, D., & Wilson, R. J. (2011). Dual Class Ownership and Tax Avoidance. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1761994
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.