Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis
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It is proposed that the mechanistic basis for non-neoplastic lung injury with cigarette smoking is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells after exposure to cigarette smoke particle (CSP). Following the complexation and sequestration of intracellular iron by CSP, the host response (eg, inflammation, mucus production, and fibrosis) attempts to reverse a functional metal deficiency. Clinical manifestations of this response can present as respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. If the response is unsuccessful, the functional deficiency of iron progresses to irreversible cell death evident in emphysema and bronchiectasis. The subsequent clinical and pathological presentation is a continuum of lung injuries, which overlap and coexist with one another. Designating these non-neoplastic lung injuries after smoking as distinct disease processes fails to recognize shared relationships to each other and ultimately to CSP, as well as the common mechanistic pathway (ie, disruption of iron homeostasis).
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In smoking patients, Fe complexation by CS leads to more pronounced Fe mobilisation and thus a continuous supply of Fe to the AFBs.
“in smoking patients Fe complexation by CS leads to a more pronounced Fe mobilisation [12, 34–36, 39] and thus a continuous supply of Fe to the AFBs.”
From An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
The Smoking and Iron Homeostasis section says cigarette smoke particles complex and sequester host iron, prompting increased iron import and accumulation in exposed cells. It does not establish that this mobilisation is more pronounced in smoking patients or that it provides a continuous supply of iron to AFBs. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Ghio, A. J., Pavlisko, E. N., Roggli, V. L., Todd, N. W., & Sangani, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Duke University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- West Virginia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ghio, Andrew J
- Venue
- International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- Volume 17
- Pages
- 117-140
- ISSN
- 1176-9106 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-2005
- PMC
- PMC8763205
- OpenAlex
- W4206443925
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 412
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of COPD (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Keywords
- iron homeostasis, respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, inflammation, mucus production, iron deficiency
- MeSH terms
- Cigarette Smoking, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Lung Injury
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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