Cited by 19Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchIron Metabolism and DisordersInterstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis

Open access
Ghio, Andrew J, Pavlisko, Elizabeth N, Roggli, Victor L, Todd, Nevins W, Sangani, Rahul G·2022·International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

It is proposed that the mechanistic basis for non-neoplastic lung injury with cigarette smoking is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells after exposure to cigarette smoke particle (CSP). Following the complexation and sequestration of intracellular iron by CSP, the host response (eg, inflammation, mucus production, and fibrosis) attempts to reverse a functional metal deficiency. Clinical manifestations of this response can present as respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. If the response is unsuccessful, the functional deficiency of iron progresses to irreversible cell death evident in emphysema and bronchiectasis. The subsequent clinical and pathological presentation is a continuum of lung injuries, which overlap and coexist with one another. Designating these non-neoplastic lung injuries after smoking as distinct disease processes fails to recognize shared relationships to each other and ultimately to CSP, as well as the common mechanistic pathway (ie, disruption of iron homeostasis).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2147/copd.s337354

Cites

412 of 412 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In smoking patients, Fe complexation by CS leads to more pronounced Fe mobilisation and thus a continuous supply of Fe to the AFBs.

    “in smoking patients Fe complexation by CS leads to a more pronounced Fe mobilisation [12, 34–36, 39] and thus a continuous supply of Fe to the AFBs.”

    From An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma (2023) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Smoking and Iron Homeostasis section says cigarette smoke particles complex and sequester host iron, prompting increased iron import and accumulation in exposed cells. It does not establish that this mobilisation is more pronounced in smoking patients or that it provides a continuous supply of iron to AFBs. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [1]National Research Council. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 1986. 25032469
  2. [19]Erdogan S, Baysal A, Akba A, Hamamci C. Interaction of metals with humic acid isolated from oxidized coal. Polish J Environ Stud. 2007; 16: 671– 675.
  3. [158]Pateva IB, Kerling EH, Reddy M, Chen D, Carlson SE, Tancabelic J. Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on newborn iron stores. Clin Res Trials. 2015; 1(1): 4– 7. 26090215 PMC4469279
  4. [205]Tease BE, Walker RW. Comparative composition of the sheath of the cyanobacterium Gloeothece ATCC-27152 cultured with and without combined nitrogen. J Gen Microbiol. 1987; 133: 3331– 3339.
  5. [360]Morissette MC, Parent J, Milot J. Alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell apoptosis in emphysema: what we know and what we need to know. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2009; 4: 19– 31. 19436685 PMC2672789

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ghio, A. J., Pavlisko, E. N., Roggli, V. L., Todd, N. W., & Sangani, R. G.
Affiliations
  • Environmental Protection Agency (US)
  • Duke University (US)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • West Virginia University (US)
Corresponding author
Ghio, Andrew J
Venue
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published
2022-01
Volume
Volume 17
Pages
117-140
ISSN
  • 1176-9106 (ISSN-L)
  • 1178-2005
OpenAlex
W4206443925
Cited by
19
References
412
Citations by year
2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9
FWCI
0.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of COPD (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Keywords
iron homeostasis, respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, inflammation, mucus production, iron deficiency
MeSH terms
Cigarette Smoking, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Lung Injury

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review