Clinical Insight on Semaglutide for Chronic Weight Management in Adults: Patient Selection and Special Considerations
Open accessAbstract
Losses of 5-10% or more of initial body weight are associated with improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. However, attaining and sustaining this level of weight loss is challenging. The novel anti-obesity medication semaglutide 2.4 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and physical activity helps patients achieve average losses of 9.6-17.4% of initial body weight at week 68, as well as improvements in cardiometabolic and psychosocial indices. Despite these average benefits, prescribers should carefully assess the suitability of patients for this medication. In this paper, we discuss considerations for the selection of individuals who are candidates for semaglutide and special considerations related to the use of this medication. These include its efficacy and safety, as well as its contraindications, potential adverse effects, management of comorbidities and drug interactions, insurance coverage and cost, and patient preferences.
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Semaglutide injections may not be covered by health insurance for people falling below certain BMI cut-offs, and a more comprehensive assessment could provide a more accurate assessment of need.
“Semaglutide injections may not be covered by health insurance for people falling below certain BMI cut-offs; a more comprehensive assessment could provide a more accurate assessment of need [60].”
From Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
The Insurance Coverage/Cost section identifies insurance coverage as a substantial barrier to semaglutide use. The Introduction gives BMI thresholds for medication candidacy and recommends personalized treatment decisions, but the paper does not say that insurers deny coverage below those thresholds or that a more comprehensive assessment would more accurately establish need. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Early Response to Preventive Strategies in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Maruthur, N. M., Ma, Y., Delahanty, L. M., Nelson, J. A. E., Aroda, V. R., White, N. H., Marrero, D. G., Brancati, F. L., & Clark, J. M. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2548-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Semaglutide
Leehey, D. J., Rahman, M. A., Borys, E., Picken, M. M., & Clise, C. E. (2021) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2020.10.008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Jensen, J. K., Binderup, T., Grandjean, C. E., Bentsen, S., Ripa, R. S., & Kjær, A. (2022) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.032 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Patient preferences for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor–agonist treatment attributes
Thieu, V. T., Robinson, S. J., Kennedy‐Martin, T., Boye, K. S., & García‐Pérez, L. (2019) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s187907 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Semaglutide and the risk of diabetic retinopathy—current perspective
Sharma, A., Parachuri, N., Kumar, N., Saboo, B., Tripathi, H. N., Kuppermann, B. D., & Bandello, F. (2022) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-021-01741-5 · Cited by 43 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Diabetic retinopathy has been a concern with semaglutide, as well as other GLP-1 RAs.79 In STEP 2, diabetic retinopathy was reported in 4.0% of patients receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg, 2.7% with semaglutide 1.0 mg, and 2.7% with placebo.39 In the SUSTAIN 6 trial, which enrolled participants with type 2 diabetes, diabeti…”
BackgroundInfluentialCardiovascular effects of incretins: focus on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
Madsbad, S., & Holst, J. J. (2022) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac112 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Effect of GLP1R agonists taspoglutide and liraglutide on primary thyroid C-cells from rodent and man
Boess, F., Bertinetti‐Lapatki, C., Zoffmann, S., George, C., Pfister, T., Roth, A. B., Lee, S. M. L., Thasler, W. E., Singer, T., & Suter‐Dick, L. (2013) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-12-0186 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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Initial weight loss goals: have they changed and do they matter?
Lent, M. R., Veur, S. S. V., Peters, J. C., Herring, S. J., Wyatt, H. R., Tewksbury, C. M., Wojtanowski, A. C., Hill, J. O., & Foster, G. D. (2016) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.45 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
No QTc Prolongation with Semaglutide: A Thorough QT Study in Healthy Subjects
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Long-term health benefits of intensive lifestyle intervention in the Look AHEAD study
Garvey, W. T. (2021) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23198 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Is Type 2 Diabetes in Adults Associated With Impaired Capacity for Weight Loss?
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Weight Loss among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Participating in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Carpenedo, D., Brokaw, S. M., Tysk, S., Fernandes, J. C., Helgerson, S. D., Harwell, T. S., & MONTANA DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM STUDY GROUP (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-675-p · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity
Wu, Y., Li, D., & Vermund, S. H. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21060757 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
“Semaglutide injections may not be covered by health insurance for people falling below certain BMI cut-offs; a more comprehensive assessment could provide a more accurate assessment of need [60].”
BackgroundEmerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review
Kokkorakis, M., Chakhtoura, M., Rhayem, C., Al Rifai, J., Ghezzawi, M., Valenzuela-Vallejo, L., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide as a therapeutic option for obesity
Tamayo‐Trujillo, R., Ruiz‐Pozo, V. A., Cadena-Ullauri, S., Guevara‐Ramírez, P., Paz‐Cruz, E., Zambrano-Villacres, R., Simancas‐Racines, D., & Zambrano, A. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1398059 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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“Semaglutide was approved for medical use in the US in 2017, and its indications have expanded over the years to include not just type 2 diabetes management but also long-term weight management for adults with obesity or who are overweight and have at least one weight-related comorbidity [20].”
Grunstein, R. R., Wadden, T. A., Chapman, J. L., Malhotra, A., & Phillips, C. L. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad224 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Pregnancy Outcomes After Semaglutide Exposure
Kolding, L., Henriksen, J. N., Sædder, E. A., Ovesen, P., & Pedersen, L. H. (2025) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.70021 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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Semaglutide “Ozempic” Face and Implications in Cosmetic Dermatology
Montecinos, K., Kania, B., & Goldberg, D. J. (2024) · Dermatological Reviews · doi:10.1002/der2.70003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Strategies to Improve the Lipophilicity of Hydrophilic Macromolecular Drugs
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Larsen, A. T., Karsdal, M. A., & Henriksen, K. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175837 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mayer, C. S., & Fontelo, P. A. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15911 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hirst, M., & Turnock, L. A. (2024) · Performance Enhancement & Health · doi:10.1016/j.peh.2024.100303 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hajizadeh, A., Heath, L., Ahmad, A., Kebbe, M., Jebb, S. A., Aveyard, P. N., & Hughes, G. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115997 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Xie, P., Abildlund, M. T., Bækdal, T. A., He, X., Lyauk, Y. K., Patted, U. R. H., Zu, N., & Shi, A. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15624 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Psoriasis and diabetes: a review of the pathophysiological and therapeutic interconnections
Luca, D. A. D., Papara, C., Hawro, T., & Thaçi, D. (2025) · Minerva Medica · doi:10.23736/s0026-4806.24.09570-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Emerging role of GLP-1 agonists in cardio-metabolic therapy - Focus on Semaglutide
Odigwe, C. I., Mulyala, R. R., Malik, H., Ruiz, B., Riad, M., Sayiadeh, M. A., Honganur, S., Parks, A., Rahman, M. U., & Lakkis, N. M. (2025) · American Heart Journal Plus Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2025.100518 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Semaglutide-induced Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Okeke, I. F., Camarda, A. R., Okeke, R., & Chaughtai, S. (2024) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luad167 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Incretin-based Agents and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Muzurović, E. M., Haluzı́k, M., Horváth, L., Vlacho, B., & Mauricio, D. (2025) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128378484250619080753 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Martínez, C. P., García, E. M., Pérez‐Sánchez, H., Milagro, F. I., Riezu‐Boj, J. I., Ramos‐Molina, B., Gallego, M. G., Zamora, S., Cutillas, R. C., & Morante, J. J. H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252312853 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Binu, A. J., & Kapoor, N. (2024) · Heart International · doi:10.17925/hi.2024.18.1.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Goldilocks for chronic weight management—Balancing quantity with quality of weight loss
Henriksen, K., Chakravarthy, M. V., Bager, C. L., Larsen, A. T., Mohamed, K. E., & Karsdal, M. A. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16379 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
What do adults living with obesity want from a chatbot for physical activity? – a qualitative study
Larbi, D., Wynn, R., Trondsen, M. V., Årsand, E., Zanaboni, P., Denecke, K., & Gabarrón, E. (2024) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-024-00070-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of Semaglutide in Individuals With Obesity or Overweight Without Diabetes
Alanazi, M., Alshahrani, J. A., Aljaberi, A. S., Alqahtani, B. A. A., & Muammer, M. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.67889 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Alali, S., Alotaibi, W. S., Ashodian, K., Achour, N., Almulla, A., & Mutlaq, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1590379 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Semaglutide and the skin: A brief review of dermatologic implications
Salam, A., & Hyder, M. S. (2025) · Cosmoderma · doi:10.25259/csdm_97_2025 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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A Semaglutida aplicada ao tratamento da obesidade: perspectivas clínicas na literatura
Zanatta, M. C. A., da Rocha, F. S., Fumagali, T. A. S., Backes, G. A., Sambini, T. B., Matsukuma, I. S., Martinez, G. A., Benedetti, A. T. S., & Pereira, L. A. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i9.43295 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flaherty, S. E., Bézy, O., Paulhus, B. L., Song, L., Piper, M. E., Pang, J., Park, Y., Asano, S. M., Lien, Y., Griffin, J. D., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91114 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Semaglutide in the spotlight: weighing benefits against rising concerns
Ashinze, P. T., Abdul‐Rahman, T., & Awuah, W. A. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/20420188231222394 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Charting New Territories in Obesity Management- Traditional Techniques to Tirzepatide
Fareed, A., Ghanem, L., Vaid, R., Iftikhar, Z., Rehman, A. U., Sarwar, A., & Asif, M. I. (2024) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2024.09.004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Uso da semaglutida com fins emagrecedores por indivíduos não diabéticos
Pires, S., Leal, B. A., Souza, I. P., Rangel, K. C. F., & Filho, L. E. D. S. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i12.43905 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Semaglutide: effects on eating behavior
Gorban, V. V., Arzumanyan, K., Kostyulina, M. Y., Mikhaylenko, D. A., Khvostikova, I. S., & Shkorkina, E. D. (2024) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2024-268 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ozempic face: role of cosmetologists in preventing and treating skin and soft tissue changes
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Utilizing Semaglutide for Addressing Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity
Gupta, R., & Sharma, S. (2025) · Current Signal Transduction Therapy · doi:10.2174/0115743624346660250317013032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Advancements and challenges in the management of obesity using pharmacotherapy (Review)
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Flaherty, S. E., Bézy, O., Paulhus, B. L., Song, L., Piper, M. E., Pang, J., Park, Y., Asano, S. M., Lien, Y., Griffin, J. D., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.91114.1
PERDA DE PESO ASSOCIADA AO USO DE SEMAGLUTIDA: EFICÁCIA E MECANISMO DE AÇÃO
Leite, A. M. C. S., Fraga, L. A., Filho, T. B. M. P., Rangel, A. L. D. A., Gonzaga, Í. C., de Mello, M. E. L. B., Souza, V., Júnior, J. P. D. O., Lins, M. L. N., Aleixo, G. H., et al. (2023) · Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences · doi:10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n5p3095-3103 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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GLP-1 analogue semaglutide regulates pancreatic beta-cell proliferation via PDX-1 expression control
Ming, L., Sun, J., Chu, X., & Wang, C. (2024) · Theoretical and Natural Science · doi:10.54254/2753-8818/46/20240399
Carrasquel, C. M., Suzuki, É. H. K., Costa, R. V. S., Cota, R. B., & Dantas, R. A. E. (2024) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde · doi:10.25248/reas.e15334.2024
Hidden in Plain Sight: Weight Bias and Atypical Anorexia
Ditchek, L., Cheng, M., Tahir, S., Hammerschlag, M. R., & Suss, A. L. (2024) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228241286289
Achieving Over 30% Body Weight Loss With Semaglutide in a Patient: A Case Report
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Semaglutide’s dilemma: A lifesaver with a price?
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PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR OBESITY: MECHANISMS OF ACTION, SAFETY AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY
dos Santos, R. R. L., Guasti, E. D. P., Nunes, F. M., Leopoldo, A. S., & Lima‐Leopoldo, A. P. (2026) · International Journal of Health Management Review · doi:10.47172/ijhmreview.v12i1.461
АГОНІСТИ РЕЦЕПТОРІВ ГПП-1: ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА РИЗИКИ
Doroshkevych, I. O., Vlasenkо, М. V., Жамба, А. О., Semenenko, S., & Palamarchuk, A. V. (2026) · PROBLEMS OF ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY · doi:10.21856/j-pep.2026.2.05
Choi, L. Y., Kim, M. H., Jin, S. C., & Yang, W. M. (2026) · Innovations in Acupuncture and Medicine · doi:10.1186/s44424-026-00066-y
- Authors
- Chao, A. M., Tronieri, J. S., Amaro, A., & Wadden, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chao, Ariana M
- Venue
- Drug Design, Development and Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- Volume 16
- Pages
- 4449-4461
- ISSN
- 1177-8881 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9807016
- OpenAlex
- W4313217400
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 10
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Drug Design Development and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK116935)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Keywords
- semaglutide, obesity, weight management, anti-obesity drugs, patient selection, drug safety, adverse effects, drug interactions, comorbidities, insurance coverage, cost, patient preferences, GLP-1 receptor agonists
- MeSH terms
- Semaglutide, Adult, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Patient Selection
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