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Cited by 77Pelvic floor disorders treatmentsUterine Myomas and TreatmentsSexual function and dysfunction studies

Determinants of pelvic organ prolapse among gynecologic patients in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia: a case–control study

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Asresie, Ayalnesh, Admassu, Eleni, Setegn, Tesfaye·2016·International Journal of Women's Health
DOI 10.2147/ijwh.s122459PMC PMC5161336
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Abstract

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, less has been documented on risk factors of POP. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants factors of POP. Methods: An unmatched case–control study was conducted among gynecologic patients in Bahir Dar city, North West Ethiopia, from July to October 2014. A total of 370 women (selected from outpatient departments) were included in the study. Cases (clients with stage III or IV POP) and controls (who declared free of any stages of POP) were identified by physicians using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitative Examination tool. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical differences were considered at P <0.05, and the strength of association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) and respective confidence intervals (CIs). Results: This study revealed that determinants such as age of women (>40 years) (adjusted OR [AOR] =3.0 [95% CI: 1.59–5.89]), sphincter damage (AOR =8.1 [95% CI: 1.67–39.7]), family history of POP (AOR =4.9 [95% CI: 1.94–12.63]), parity (≥4) (AOR =4.5 [95% CI: 2.26–9.10]), nonattendance of formal education (AOR =4.3 [95% CI: 1.25–14.8]), carrying heavy objects (AOR =3.1 [95% CI: 1.56–6.30]), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m 2 (AOR =3.1 [95% CI: 1.22–7.82]), and delivery assisted by nonhealth professionals (AOR =2.6 [95% CI: 1.24–5.56]) were significantly associated with POP. Conclusion: In our study, sphincter damage, family history of POP, being uneducated, having ≥4 vaginal deliveries, carrying heavy objects, BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 , age ≥40 years, and having delivery assisted by nonhealth professional were the independent determinants of POP. Therefore, skilled delivery, further promoting family planning and girls’ education, early pelvic floor assessment, and counseling on avoidance of carrying heavy objects are recommended. Keywords: pelvic organ, prolapse, determinant, case–control, counseling, education

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Crossref · 10.2147/ijwh.s122459

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  • In this low-resource setting, younger women are more likely to resume physically strenuous work after surgery, which may increase intra-abdominal pressure and contribute to failure of fixation sutures.

    “In our low-resource setting, younger women are also more likely to resume physically strenuous work after surgery, which may increase intra-abdominal pressure and contribute to failure of fixation sutures [5].”

    From Recurrence Rate and Risk Factors for Apical Prolapse After Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: A Prospective Cohort Study (2026) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Results (Factors associated with POP; page unavailable) associate carrying heavy objects with pelvic organ prolapse. The paper does not address whether younger women resume strenuous work after surgery, or whether increased intra-abdominal pressure causes fixation sutures to fail. Its Discussion instead reports a higher prevalence of prolapse among women aged 40 or older than among younger women. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Younger women in low-resource settings continue physically strenuous work after surgery, unlike older women whose activity may be limited by medical conditions.

    “Furthermore, young women in our low-resource settings continue to engage in physically strenuous work even after surgery in order to earn a living, unlike the older women whose activity may be limited by underlying medical conditions [30].”

    From Risk factors for recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse after vaginal surgery among Ugandan women: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [30]

    The Discussion (page not available) describes heavy carrying as a daily activity for rural women and reports an association between carrying heavy objects and pelvic organ prolapse. It does not say that younger women continue strenuous work after surgery to earn a living, or that older women work less because of medical conditions. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In rural southwestern Uganda, women commonly have high parity and engage in physically demanding labor, which may contribute to both severity of prolapse and risk of recurrence following surgical repair.

    “In rural southwestern Uganda, women commonly have high parity and engage in physically demanding labor, which may contribute to both the severity of prolapse and the risk of recurrence following surgical repair [5].”

    From Recurrence Rate and Risk Factors for Apical Prolapse After Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: A Prospective Cohort Study (2026) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Results (Factors associated with POP; page unavailable) associate high parity and carrying heavy objects with pelvic organ prolapse, and the Discussion describes heavy loads in rural women's daily activities. But the study concerns patients in northwestern Ethiopia, not rural southwestern Uganda, and it does not assess prolapse severity or recurrence after surgical repair. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [22]Cordozo L Prolapse Whitfield CR Dewhurse’s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Postgraduates Oxford, UK Blackwell Science 1995 642 652 Cross reference
  2. [27]Baruwal A Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Measures Amongst the Married Women of Reproductive Age Towards Uterine Prolapse in the 8 VDCS of Surkhet District, Nepal [master’s thesis] Bangkok College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn Univeristy 2010
  3. [40]Thapa S Angdembe M Chauhan D Determinants of pelvic organ prolapse among the women of the western part of Nepal: a case-control study J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014 40 2 515 520 24118461

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Authors
Asresie, A., Admassu, E., & Setegn, T.
Affiliations
Bahir Dar University (ET)
Venue
International Journal of Women's Health
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2016-12
Volume
Volume 8
Pages
713-719
ISSN
1179-1411 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2147/ijwh.s122459
PMC
PMC5161336
OpenAlex
W2562002591
Cited by
77
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
FWCI
2.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Women s Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Bahir Dar University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Uterine Myomas and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Keywords
pelvic organ prolapse, risk factors, parity, educational attainment, body mass index, heavy lifting, vaginal delivery, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, women's health, pelvic floor dysfunction, low-income settings, pelvic organ prolapse surgery

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