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Attachment Anxiety and Problematic Use of Conversational Artificial Intelligence: Mediation of Emotional Attachment and Moderation of Anthropomorphic Tendencies
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“Substantively, this expectation is consistent with evidence that anthropomorphic AI can increase dependency-related outcomes through user satisfaction or emotional attachment, and that loneliness shapes how users respond to conversational AI and AI companions (Heng and Zhang, 2025; Nakagomi et al., 2026; Peng et al., 2025; Yu and Lan, 2025).”
From When loneliness amplifies the risk of problematic emotional dependence: perceived anthropomorphism and basic psychological need satisfaction in AI companion use (2026) · cites this paper as Heng and Zhang, 2025
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“Instead, anthropomorphic perception becomes consequential when it makes the AI interaction feel need-satisfying, personally responsive, and relationally meaningful (Guingrich and Graziano, 2025; Heng and Zhang, 2025; Yu and Lan, 2025).”
From When loneliness amplifies the risk of problematic emotional dependence: perceived anthropomorphism and basic psychological need satisfaction in AI companion use (2026) · cites this paper as Heng and Zhang, 2025
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“52 When psychological needs become intense and frequent, individuals may develop compulsive behaviors and addiction tendencies.”
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“7,8 During this period, millions turned to CAI for companionship.”
Chaves, A. P., & Gerosa, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2020.1841438 · Cited by 572
User Experiences of Social Support From Companion Chatbots in Everyday Contexts: Thematic Analysis
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yang, X. (2026) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2618548 · Cited by 3
Liu, T., Shih, R.-M., Luo, T., & Jin, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1900817
Metadata
- Authors
- Heng, S., & Zhang, Z.
- ORCID
- Heng, Shupeng
- Venue
- Psychology Research and Behavior Management
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2025-08
- Volume
- Volume 18
- Pages
- 1775-1785
- ISSN
- 1179-1578
- PMC
- PMC12379994
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 16
- Language
- en
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- Heng, S., & Zhang, Z. (2025). Attachment Anxiety and Problematic Use of Conversational Artificial Intelligence: Mediation of Emotional Attachment and Moderation of Anthropomorphic Tendencies. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s531805