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The Insults of Illicit Drug Use on Male Fertility
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Abstract:One‐third of infertile couples may have a male factor present. Illicit drug use can be an important cause of male factor infertility and includes use of anabolic‐androgenic steroids, marijuana, opioid narcotics, cocaine, and methamphetamines. The use of these illicit drugs is common in the United States, with a yearly prevalence rate for any drug consistently higher in males compared with females. We aim to provide a review of recent literature on the prevalence and effects of illicit drug use on male fertility and to aid health professionals when counseling infertile men whose social history suggests illicit drug use. Anabolic‐androgenic steroids, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, and opioid narcotics all negatively impact male fertility, and adverse effects have been reported on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular axis, sperm function, and testicular structure. The use of illicit drugs is prevalent in our society and likely adversely impacting the fertility of men who abuse drugs.
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“The use of non-prescription and recreational drugs before conception has been associated with reduced fertility in both men and women (Frey 2008, Fronczak 2012, Mueller 1990).”
From Preconception lifestyle advice for people with infertility (2021) · cites this paper as Fronczak 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fronczak, C. M., Kim, E. D., & Barqawi, A. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barqawi, Al B.
- Venue
- Journal of Andrology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-07-08
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 515-528
- ISSN
- 0196-3635 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4640
- OpenAlex
- W2095564951
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- illicit drug use, male infertility, male factor infertility, anabolic steroids, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, sperm function, hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, testicular structure, drug use prevalence, infertility counseling
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analgesics, Opioid, Androgens, Animals, Marijuana Abuse, Cocaine, Fertility, Humans, Infertility, Male, Male, Methamphetamine, Middle Aged, Spermatogenesis, Illicit Drugs, Testosterone, United States, Prevalence, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Substance-Related Disorders, Anabolic Agents, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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