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Cited by 739Cardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

Detraining: Loss of Training-Induced Physiological and Performance Adaptations. Part I: Short Term Insufficient Training Stimulus

Mujika, I??igo, Padilla, Sabino·2000·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.2165/00007256-200030020-00002
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Abstract

Detraining is the partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations, in response to an insufficient training stimulus. Detraining characteristics may be different depending on the duration of training cessation or insufficient training. Short term detraining (less than 4 weeks of insufficient training stimulus) is analysed in part I of this review, whereas part II will deal with long term detraining (more than 4 weeks of insufficient training stimulus). Short term cardiorespiratory detraining is characterised in highly trained athletes by a rapid decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and blood volume. Exercise heart rate increases insufficiently to counterbalance the decreased stroke volume, and maximal cardiac output is thus reduced. Ventilatory efficiency and endurance performance are also impaired. These changes are more moderate in recently trained individuals. From a metabolic viewpoint, short term inactivity implies an increased reliance on carbohydrate metabolism during exercise, as shown by a higher exercise respiratory exchange ratio, and lowered lipase activity, GLUT-4 content, glycogen level and lactate threshold. At the muscle level, capillary density and oxidative enzyme activities are reduced. Training-induced changes in fibre cross-sectional area are reversed, but strength performance declines are limited. Hormonal changes include a reduced insulin sensitivity, a possible increase in testosterone and growth hormone levels in strength athletes, and a reversal of short term training-induced adaptations in fluid-electrolyte regulating hormones.

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Crossref · 10.2165/00007256-200030020-00002

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  • Some stimulus is required during a taper to maintain previously acquired training adaptations.

    “even in a taper some stimulus is required to maintain previously acquired training adaptations (70).”

    From Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. (2017) · cites this paper as [70]

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Authors
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S.
Corresponding author
Mujika, I??igo
ORCID
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000
Volume
30
Issue
2
Pages
79-87
ISSN
0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/00007256-200030020-00002
OpenAlex
W2013858154
Cited by
739
References
119
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 17
FWCI
0.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
detraining, training effects, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, blood volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, ventilatory efficiency, endurance performance, carbohydrate metabolism, respiratory exchange ratio, GLUT4, glycogen, lactate threshold, muscle capillarization, oxidative enzymes, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, testosterone, growth hormone
MeSH terms
Blood Volume, Glycogen, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Lipase, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Growth Hormone, Stroke Volume, Testosterone, Exercise, Lactic Acid

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