CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 153Sports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Fueling strategies to optimize performance: training high or training low?

Burke, L. M.·2010·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01185.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Availability of carbohydrate as a substrate for the muscle and central nervous system is critical for the performance of both intermittent high-intensity work and prolonged aerobic exercise. Therefore, strategies that promote carbohydrate availability, such as ingesting carbohydrate before, during and after exercise, are critical for the performance of many sports and a key component of current sports nutrition guidelines. Guidelines for daily carbohydrate intakes have evolved from the "one size fits all" recommendation for a high-carbohydrate diets to an individualized approach to fuel needs based on the athlete's body size and exercise program. More recently, it has been suggested that athletes should train with low carbohydrate stores but restore fuel availability for competition ("train low, compete high"), based on observations that the intracellular signaling pathways underpinning adaptations to training are enhanced when exercise is undertaken with low glycogen stores. The present literature is limited to studies of "twice a day" training (low glycogen for the second session) or withholding carbohydrate intake during training sessions. Despite increasing the muscle adaptive response and reducing the reliance on carbohydrate utilization during exercise, there is no clear evidence that these strategies enhance exercise performance. Further studies on dietary periodization strategies, especially those mimicking real-life athletic practices, are needed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01185.x

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The "train-low (or smart), compete-high" model surmises that athletes deliberately complete a portion of their training programme with reduced carbohydrate availability so as to augment training adaptation but always ensure high carbohydrate availability prior to and during competition to promote maximal performance.

    “These data have therefore led to the innovative “train-low (or smart), compete-high” model surmising that athletes deliberately complete a portion of their training programme with reduced CHO availability so as to augment training adaptation but yet always ensure high CHO availability prior to and during competition in an attempt to promote maximal performance [64].”

    From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [64]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Burke, L. M.
Corresponding author
Burke, L. M.
ORCID
Burke, L. M.
Venue
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-09-14
Volume
20
Issue
s2
Pages
48-58
ISSN
  • 0905-7188 (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-0838
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01185.x
OpenAlex
W1551099219
Cited by
153
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
FWCI
1.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Johns Hopkins University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
carbohydrate availability, muscle glycogen, exercise performance, muscle adaptation, sports nutrition
MeSH terms
Competitive Behavior, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Nutritional Status, Oxygen Consumption, Sports, Sports Medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Exercise Tolerance, Practice Guidelines as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review