Cited by 101Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Movement Velocity in Resistance Training

Pereira, Marta I R, Gomes, Paulo S C·2003·Sports Medicine

DOI 10.2165/00007256-200333060-00004

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Abstract

Guidelines for resistance training include the number of exercises, sets, repetitions, and frequency of training, but only vaguely mention movement velocity. Nevertheless, different velocities imply different performances, i.e. a different number of repetitions or different loads. Studies investigating the effect of different movement velocities on resistance training have not reached a consensus. Some studies indicate specificity in strength gains while others indicate generality. Some indicate slow training to be better, others indicate fast training, and still others indicate no differences. Most of these studies were conducted on isokinetic or hydraulic equipment. Very few used isotonic equipment for training, and their results seem to tend towards generality and no differences in gains of strength between velocities. Defining the training velocity is mostly important for athletic performances where a wide range of velocities is needed and transfer of gains would greatly optimise training. At the other end of the spectrum, there are the most frail and elderly, to whom power loss may impair even daily functions, but training with fast velocities might increase injury risk and, therefore, transfer of gains from slow training would be greatly beneficial. Movement velocity for resistance training with isotonic equipment needs to be further investigated so that recommendations may be made.

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Variable Velocity Training in the Periodized Model
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Vastus Lateralis Muscle Size Is Differently Associated With the Different Regions of the Squat Force-Velocity and Load-Velocity Relationships, Rate of Force Development, and Physical Performance Young Men
Cornejo‐Daza, P. J., Sánchez‐Valdepeñas, J., Rodiles-Guerrero, L., Páez-Maldonado, J. A., Ara, I., León-Prados, J. A., Alegre, L. M., Pareja‐Blanco, F., & Alcázar, J. (2024) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004654 · Cited by 5
“…contractions on isokinetic equipment to investigate the relevant of muscle size on force production (2,22,31,42,43), whereas the use of a broader range of velocities under isoinertial (constant external load) conditions might be of greater relevance in the context of athletic performance (23,33).”
Background
Neuromuscular Fatigue and Metabolic Stress during the 15 Minutes of Rest after Carrying Out a Bench Press Exercise Protocol
Hernández-Lougedo, J., Elvar, J. R. H., Maicas-Pérez, L., Cañuelo-Márquez, A. M., Rozalén-Bustín, M., de Jesús, F., Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V., García-Fernández, P., & Maté‐Muñoz, J. L. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11101435 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, when the accurate measurement of execution velocity in isoinertial strength exercise was developed, this variable became very important in strength training programmes [2,7].”
Background
INTRA-REPETITION VARIABLE RESISTANCE TRAINING: PART 1-AN OVERVIEW
Ríos, I. J. C., Baena‐Morales, S., Soria, M. Á., Bautista, I. J., & Ríos, L. J. C. (2014) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 5
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“…regarding length, velocity and grasping difficulty (e.g. elastic tubing/bands and hydraulic pressure) (Matheson, Kernozek, Fater, & Davies, 2001; Pereira & Gomes, 2003), and the provision of only concentric resistance without isometric and eccentric resistance (hydraulic pressure) (Frost et…”
Background
Concurrent validity and reliability of self-selected movement velocity for resistance training monitoring in close grip pull-down and knee extension
Külkamp, W., Feunteun, Y., & Borges, N. G. (2021) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2020.06.012 · Cited by 5
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Background
Muscle Mass and Training Status Do Not Affect the Maximum Number of Repetitions in Different Upper-Body Resistance Exercises
Ferrari, R., Kothe, G. B., Bottaro, M., Cadore, E. L., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2017) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x01710010081 · Cited by 4
Optimal resistance training strategies for knee osteoarthritis symptom relief: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Yang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, T., Yuan, Y., Qiu, B., Hu, W., Wang, F., Tang, Z.-H., & Lin, S.-C. (2025) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09341-0 · Cited by 3
“High-speed RT involves performing concentric-eccentric isotonic muscle contractions at maximum speed, which maximizes muscle activation and improves neuromuscular efficiency [44, 45].”
Mud Pack With Menthol and Arnica Montana Accelerates Recovery Following a High-Volume Resistance Training Session for Lower Body in Trained Men
Bartolomei, S., Nigro, F., D’Amico, A., Cortesi, M., & Michele, R. D. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003751 · Cited by 3
“The specificity principle in resistance training implies that greater gains in performance are obtained at the specific training velocity (28).”
Background
Effects of Lift Velocity on Muscle Activation During Leg Extension
Hatzel, B. M. (2012) · The Open Sports Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/1874387001206010042 · Cited by 3
Detecting repetitions and time features in resistance training using triaxial accelerometry
Brown, N., Bichler, S., & Alt, W. (2015) · Sports Technology · doi:10.1080/19346182.2015.1064935 · Cited by 3
“However, research on movement velocity in resistance training shows unequal results concerning performance gains (Pereira & Gomes, 2003).”
Result
Is training of the lingual musculature necessary to treat orofacial functions?
Martinelli, R. L. D. C., & Marchesan, I. Q. (2018) · Revista CEFAC · doi:10.1590/1982-0216201820614618 · Cited by 2
Dövüş Sporcularına Uygulanan Direnç, Pliometrik ve Kompleks Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Hareket Hızına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Bayrakdaroğlu, S., Topsakal, N., & Can, İ. (2020) · Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.25307/jssr.690103 · Cited by 2
The Alexander Technique
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Silva, R. L., Caldas, L. C., Reis, C. B. F., de Oliveira, J. F. C., Leite, R. D., & Guimarães‐Ferreira, L. (2020) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v31i1.3172 · Cited by 1
Acute Responses to Different Lifting Velocities During Squat Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction
Cornejo‐Daza, P. J., Sánchez‐Valdepeñas, J., Páez-Maldonado, J. A., Rodiles-Guerrero, L., Sánchez‐Moreno, M., Gómez-Guerrero, G., León-Prados, J. A., & Pareja‐Blanco, F. (2024) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005021 · Cited by 1
“This practice may be insufficient because the same prescribed lifting cadence can result in different linear velocities for individuals with varying limb sizes (42).”
Influence of Differences in Exercise-intensity and Kilograms/Set on Energy Expenditure During and After Maximally Explosive Resistance Exercise
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“This type of training has been used by athletes for decades to increase speed and power (16), but it is beginning to become more popular among recreational exercisers (3, 4, 20).”
Background
Treinamento com pesos, velocidade de movimento e desempenho muscular: uma revisão sistemática
Ceccato, M., Gurjão, A. L. D., Prado, A. K. G., Gallo, L. H., Filho, J. J., & Gobbi, S. (2013) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.v.18n5p536 · Cited by 1
Strength training
Harvey, L. A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06858-4.50014-9 · Cited by 1
On the design of a bioinspired shoulder-elbow system
Hueso-Trujillo, E. T., Rojas-Quintero, J. A., & Bustos, A. Y. A. (2025) · Robotics Mexican Congress (COMRob) · doi:10.1109/comrob68109.2025.11264744 · Cited by 1
“Such data is available in, e. g. , [2]–[4], [23]–[25].”
A PILOT STUDY OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE FREQUENCY IN BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER SURVIVORS
Gravelle, T. D. (2014) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University) · Cited by 1
RPE y velocidad como marcadores de intensidad en el press de banca / RPE and Velocity How Intensity Markers of Bench Press Exercise
Bautista, I. J., Ríos, I. J. C., Chirosa, L. J., Tamayo, I. M., & Rivilla, J. (2016) · Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte · doi:10.15366/rimcafd2016.62.004 · Cited by 1
Comparison of two incremental protocols for evaluation of hip extension
Campos‐Jara, C., Ríos, L. J. C., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., Ríos, I. J. C., Salazar, C. M., & Beraldo, P. C. (2017) · Fisioterapia em Movimento · doi:10.1590/1980-5918.030.001.ao14 · Cited by 1
Adaptations nerveuses du système neuromusculaire à l'exercice isotonique versus isocinétique
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THE APPLICATION OF THE LOAD-VELOCITY RELATIONSHIP AS A MEANS OF DICTATING RESISTANCE TRAINING INTENSITY
Dorrell, H. F. (2019) · Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) · doi:10.24385/lincoln.24326086 · Cited by 1
Respostas crônicas do treinamento de força em duas diferentes condições : exercício rosca bíceps em amplitude parcial x amplitude completa de movimento
Gomes, N. D. S. (2010)
Análise da existência de máxima fase estável de lactato nos exercícios resistidos leg press 45º e supino reto
Magosso, R. F. (2010) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.82.2010.tde-14052012-100230
Muscular strength, fitness and anthropometry in elite junior basketball players
Drinkwater, E. J. (2006) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)
Análise do gasto energético em diferentes exercícios físicos realizados na intensidade do limiar anaeróbio
da Costa, T. N. F. (2009) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.82.2009.tde-09062010-101703
Response to the letter of Tibor Hortobágyi and colleagues
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Efeito da mola e da velocidade de execução de três exercícios do Pilates na força muscular resultante do quadril
da Silva, Y. O. (2011) · Americanae (AECID Library)
The majority are not performing home-exercises correctly two weeks after their initial instruction
Skovdal, M. (2016)
ANÁLISE DA EXISTÊNCIA DE MÁXIMA FASE ESTÁVEL DE LACTATO NOS EXERCÍCIOS
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Specificity in ROM Rehabilitation
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Comparación de las adaptaciones producidas por el entrenamiento con electroestimulación concéntrica y el entrenamiento voluntario
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Efectos de la velocidad de ejecución en el entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la composición corporal y variables mecánicas en mujeres jóvenes futbolistas
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Peer Review #1 of "The majority are not performing home-exercises correctly two weeks after their initial instruction—an assessor-blinded study (v0.1)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.1102v0.1/reviews/1
Peer Review #1 of "The majority are not performing home-exercises correctly two weeks after their initial instruction—an assessor-blinded study (v0.2)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.1102v0.2/reviews/1
Peer Review #2 of "The majority are not performing home-exercises correctly two weeks after their initial instruction—an assessor-blinded study (v0.1)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.1102v0.1/reviews/2
Peer Review #2 of "The majority are not performing home-exercises correctly two weeks after their initial instruction—an assessor-blinded study (v0.2)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.1102v0.2/reviews/2
Geleneksel Kuvvet Antrenmanlarına Karşın Dirençli Güç İnterval Antrenman Protokolünün İvmelenme, Çeviklik ve Hareket Hızına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
DURAN, H., Kızılet, A., & Can, İ. (2022) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1182647

Authors: Pereira, M. I. R., & Gomes, P. S. C.
Affiliations: University Gama Filho (BR)
Corresponding author: Gomes, Paulo S C
ORCID: Gomes, Paulo S C
Venue: Sports Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003
Volume: 33
Issue: 6
Pages: 427-438
ISSN: 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200333060-00004
OpenAlex: W2079499390
Cited by: 101
References: 65
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 0.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: resistance training, movement speed, training speed, strength gain, transfer of training, isokinetic training, isotonic training, injury risk, training recommendations
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Aged, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Movement, Muscle Contraction, Physical Education and Training, Task Performance and Analysis, Weight Lifting, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Sports Equipment

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Movement Velocity in Resistance Training

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