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Cited by 57Technology Use by Older AdultsAssistive Technology in Communication and MobilityAging, Health, and Disability

Perceptions About Technologies That Help Community-Dwelling Older Adults Remain at Home: Qualitative Study

Open access
Verloo, Henk, Kampel, Thomas, Vidal, Nicole, Pereira, Filipa·2020·Journal of Medical Internet Research
DOI 10.2196/17930PMC PMC7303826

Published version of a preprint

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Abstract

Background: The population of Europe is aging rapidly. Most community-dwelling older adults (CDOAs) want to remain in their homes, particularly those experiencing functional decline. Politicians and academics repeatedly praise technological instruments for being the preferred solution for helping older adults with deteriorating health to remain at home. Objective: This study aimed to understand the perceptions of CDOAs and their informal caregivers (ICs) and professional caregivers (PCs) about technologies that can help keep older adults at home. Methods: This qualitative study used personal interviews, focus groups, and photo-elicitation interviews to better understand the perceptions of a convenience sample of 68 CDOAs, 21 ICs, and 32 PCs. Results: A fraction of CDOAs did not perceive technological instruments to be a very useful means of helping them remain at home. However, the ICs and PCs were more positive. The CDOAs preferred and were more willing to adopt technologies related to their mobility and safety and those that would help slow down their cognitive decline. The ICs preferred technological aids that assist in the activities of daily living as well as safety-related technologies for detecting falls and helping to locate disoriented older adults. The PCs preferred integrated communication and information systems to improve collaboration between all stakeholders, housing equipped with technologies to manage complex care, high-performance ancillary equipment to transfer people with reduced mobility, and surveillance systems to ensure safety at home. Conclusions: Although our study reports that CDOAs have limited interest in innovative technologies to help them remain at home, their technological skills will undoubtedly improve in the future, as will those of ICs and PCs. Technological tools will play an increasingly important role in home health care.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This qualitative study found that community-dwelling older adults often saw limited personal use for technologies to help them remain at home, while informal and professional caregivers were more positive. Preferences differed by group, with older adults favoring mobility, safety, and cognitive-decline-slowing tools, informal caregivers favoring ADL and safety tools, and professional caregivers favoring communication, housing, transfer, and surveillance technologies.

Key findings

  • Among 68 community-dwelling older adults (CDOAs; mean age 82.3 years, SD 7.2; 50/68 women), 21 informal caregivers (ICs; mean age 68.4 years, SD 13.8), and 32 professional caregivers (PCs; mean age 46.7 years, SD 9.4), a fraction of CDOAs did not perceive technological instruments as very useful for helping them remain at home, whereas ICs and PCs were more positive.
  • CDOAs preferred and were more willing to adopt technologies related to mobility and safety and those that would help slow cognitive decline; fall detectors, GPS, and brain training were among the most frequently accepted by CDOAs.
  • ICs preferred technological aids that assist in activities of daily living and safety-related technologies for detecting falls and helping locate disoriented older adults.
  • PCs preferred integrated communication and information systems to improve collaboration, housing equipped with technologies to manage complex care, high-performance ancillary equipment to transfer people with reduced mobility, and surveillance systems to ensure safety at home.

Methods

  • International multicenter qualitative study using one-to-one interviews, focus groups (FGs), and photo-elicitation interviews (PEIs) with a convenience sample of 68 CDOAs, 21 ICs, and 32 PCs in Haute-Savoie, France, and the French-speaking part of Valais, Switzerland; data collection took place from September 2017 to June 2018.
  • CDOAs were aged ≥65 years with a medical prescription or indication for home care and were categorized via the AGGIR tool into independent, physically impaired, or cognitively impaired groups; ICs were designated by CDOAs, and PCs were recruited from 5 community health care centers, with 4 FGs of 7 to 8 PCs each.
  • Descriptive statistics were compiled using SPSS 25.0; interview, PEI, and FG transcripts were analyzed with qualitative content analysis in NVivo 12, guided by Peek et al’s theoretical framework.

Limitations

  • The paper states that the AGGIR tool has subjectivity as an overall clinical classification system of impairment among CDOAs, that PEI image choices could not always best present gerontechnologies to the heterogeneous participants, and that participant heterogeneity prevented thorough comparison with studies using more homogeneous samples.
  • The paper also states that the study did not use the Mini-Mental State Examination, that physical and mental health statuses were clinically judged by the research team’s geriatrician, and that psychiatric diagnoses were not explored prospectively.
  • Evident in the text: the abstract describes a convenience sample, and the authors note that the heterogeneity of participants’ profiles made comparison with other studies difficult; these features limit the generalizability of the findings beyond the studied settings.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2196/17930

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 39 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Professional caregivers specified that there was a risk of technology creating distance in their relationship with the persons in their care.

    “PCs perceived technology as useful, but they specified that there was the risk of creating distance in their relationship with the persons in their care and that technology must complete and complement a PC’s work, not replace it:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Devices' properties, such as ease of use, also influenced CDOAs.

    “Devices’ properties, such as ease of use, also influenced CDOAs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Informal caregivers and professional caregivers were more positive than CDOAs about technological instruments.

    “However, the ICs and PCs were more positive.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Technologies were accepted more readily if relatives and informal caregivers were involved.

    “Indeed, technologies were accepted more readily if relatives and ICs were involved:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Financial assistance can be considered a facilitator because it influences people's willingness to acquire a device.

    “Financial assistance can be considered a facilitator because it influences people’s willingness to acquire a device.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 32
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 37

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    CDOAs mentioned that receiving financial aid for the acquisition of a device was a facilitator, as was receiving recommendations from professional caregivers.

    “CDOAs mentioned that receiving financial aid for the acquisition of a device was a facilitator, as was receiving recommendations from PCs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    The concept of technology, in general, was often misunderstood by CDOAs.

    “The concept of technology, in general, was often misunderstood.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The distribution between the French and Swiss centers was 40 and 28 community-dwelling older adults, 13 and 9 informal caregivers, and 16 and 16 professional caregivers.

    “The distribution between the French and Swiss centers was 40 and 28 CDOAs, 13 and 9 ICs, and 16 and 16 PCs, respectively.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Encouragement from children and grandchildren, financial help for purchasing technology, and increasing feelings of safety were the main strategies identified by CDOAs themselves for improving the ease of use among their peers.

    “Encouragement from children and grandchildren, financial help for purchasing technology, and increasing feelings of safety were the main strategies identified by CDOAs themselves for improving the ease of use among their peers.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    CDOAs perceived technology as something that could be useful, especially for other older adults with health problems, but they rarely saw any sense in using them themselves, except when they had significant difficulties with their activities of daily living.

    “CDOAs perceived technology as something that could be useful, especially for other older adults with health problems, but they rarely saw any sense in using them themselves, except when they had significant difficulties with their ADLs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Professional caregivers preferred integrated communication and information systems to improve collaboration between all stakeholders, housing equipped with technologies to manage complex care, high-performance ancillary equipment to transfer people with reduced mobility, and surveillance systems to ensure safety at home.

    “The PCs preferred integrated communication and information systems to improve collaboration between all stakeholders, housing equipped with technologies to manage complex care, high-performance ancillary equipment to transfer people with reduced mobility, and surveillance systems to ensure safety at home.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Although the point of view of individuals and the context in which technologies are implemented tend to be the factors that promote technology use among CDOAs, the cost involved in acquiring different technologies and the different steps required to obtain them can be seen as barriers.

    “Although the point of view of individuals and the context in which technologies are implemented tend to be the factors that promote technology use among CDOAs, the cost involved in acquiring different technologies and the different steps required to obtain them can be seen as barriers:”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Professional caregivers specified that technology must complete and complement a professional caregiver's work, not replace it.

    “PCs perceived technology as useful, but they specified that there was the risk of creating distance in their relationship with the persons in their care and that technology must complete and complement a PC’s work, not replace it:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    CDOAs preferred and were more willing to adopt technologies related to their mobility and safety and those that would help slow down their cognitive decline.

    “The CDOAs preferred and were more willing to adopt technologies related to their mobility and safety and those that would help slow down their cognitive decline.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    According to professional caregivers, the CDOAs who had either found a technology useful or had used technology in their working lives were more willing to use the proposed technologies.

    “According to PCs, the CDOAs who had either found a technology useful or had used technology in their working lives were more willing to use the proposed technologies:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Some informal caregivers considered technologies potentially useful in helping CDOAs remain at home, whereas others considered them indispensable.

    “Some ICs considered technologies potentially useful in helping CDOAs remain at home, whereas others considered them as indispensable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Several facilitators to improve beliefs about and attitudes toward technology emerged during the interviews, one being that a device can improve feelings of safety.

    “Several facilitators to improve beliefs about and attitudes toward technology emerged during the interviews, one being that a device can improve feelings of safety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Professional caregivers highlighted their lack of knowledge about the technological devices available on the market and their lack of training on how to pass on skills to CDOAs and informal caregivers.

    “PCs highlighted their lack of knowledge about the technological devices available on the market and their lack of training on how to pass on skills to CDOAs and ICs:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Technologies that could be introduced to enhance the daily lives of CDOAs include furniture with home automation technologies, suitably adapted public transport, and an elderly friendly urban architecture in environments that facilitate transport mobility.

    “Technologies that could be introduced to enhance the daily lives of CDOAs include furniture with home automation technologies, suitably adapted public transport, and an elderly friendly urban architecture in environments that facilitate transport mobility:”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The heterogeneity of participants' profiles made it difficult to compare this study with others involving more homogeneous samples.

    “The heterogeneity of participants’ profiles made it difficult to compare this study with others involving more homogeneous samples [38,39].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [38] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [39] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Several PCs had questions regarding the GPS bracelet technology.

    “Several PCs had questions regarding the GPS bracelet technology:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    PCs highlighted that each care situation was unique, uncertain, and often complex.

    “They highlighted that each care situation was unique, uncertain, and often complex.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    This study showed that ICs were often involved in the daily care of a loved one, but that they rarely used technologies.

    “This study showed that ICs were often involved in the daily care of a loved one, but that they rarely used technologies.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Although some PCs selected the social network and activity sensor technologies, there were mixed opinions.

    “Although some PCs selected the social network and activity sensor technologies, there were mixed opinions:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Several CDOAs said that a simple bedside lamp gave out sufficient light to get to the toilet.

    “As an example of avoiding technology use, several CDOAs said that a simple bedside lamp gave out sufficient light to get to the toilet.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    ICs and PCs still have little knowledge about the existence of technologies and how they should use them in everyday practice.

    “Although technology can certainly offer solutions to some of the specific impairments typical among CDOAs, ICs and PCs still have little knowledge about their existence and how they should use them in everyday practice.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    ICs had more positive attitudes toward assisting technology and an increased acceptance of technology than the CDOAs themselves.

    “Furthermore, the findings suggest that ICs had more positive attitudes toward assisting technology and an increased acceptance of technology than the CDOAs themselves.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Barriers to the use of technology by PCs themselves included lack of interest, a need for training, the architectural inadequacies of house design, cost issues, and their fears of being replaced by that technology and of the risks of dehumanizing care relationships with CDOAs.

    “Finally, barriers to the use of technology by PCs themselves included lack of interest, a need for training, the architectural inadequacies of house design, cost issues, and their fears of being replaced by that technology and of the risks of dehumanizing care relationships with CDOAs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Results from the PC FGs revealed that they had mixed attitudes toward technology, although most were interested in specific technologies for everyday use.

    “Results from the PC FGs revealed that they had mixed attitudes toward technology, although most were interested in specific technologies for everyday use.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Physicians, nurses, and occupational therapists chose the fall detector, whereas nursing assistants, social workers, and direct community health providers chose social network.

    “Physicians, nurses, and occupational therapists chose the fall detector, whereas nursing assistants, social workers, and direct community health providers chose social network.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Our findings showed that although many technologies were available to support independent living for CDOAs, they were significantly underused.

    “Our findings showed that although many technologies were available to support independent living for CDOAs, they were significantly underused.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Gerontechnologies usually have two main, and in most cases, complementary purposes: (1) strengthening the (objective) monitoring of older adults by remotely collecting large amounts of data to alert their informal caregivers or professional caregivers about health decompensation, so that they can anticipate and implement appropriate intervention strategies, and (2) remotely intervening with CDOAs.

    “Gerontechnologies usually have two main, and in most cases, complementary purposes: (1) strengthening the (objective) monitoring of older adults by remotely collecting large amounts of data to alert their informal caregivers (ICs) or professional caregivers (PCs) about health decompensation, so that they can anticipate and implement appropriate intervention strategies, and (2) remotely intervening”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [10] Margolis, E, 2011, The SAGE Handbook of Visual Research Methods

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Reporting on the study was based on the checklist for the explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies.

    “Reporting on the study was based on the checklist for the explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies [27].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [27] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Technologies can offer innovative ways of improving the health and quality of life of frail CDOAs-or other people losing their autonomy-and help them to remain at home.

    “Technologies can offer innovative ways of improving the health and quality of life of frail CDOAs—or other people losing their autonomy—and help them to remain at home [6].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] 2017, Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Science and technology will also serve CDOAs by ensuring safer environments, promoting and strengthening their independence and quality of life, and supporting both their informal caregivers and professional caregivers.

    “Science and technology will also serve CDOAs by ensuring safer environments, promoting and strengthening their independence and quality of life, and supporting both their ICs and PCs [11-13].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [11] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [12] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [13] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Previous studies have demonstrated that gerontechnologies are seldom used actively by older adults themselves, and the vast majority were unaware of their existence.

    “Previous studies have demonstrated that gerontechnologies are seldom used actively by older adults themselves, and indeed, the vast majority were unaware of their existence [20,21].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [20] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [21] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Gerontechnology is destined to have an important future role in providing support and solutions, monitoring health status to optimize autonomy, and improving the quality of life of CDOAs, regardless of their level of dependency.

    “It is destined to have an important future role in providing support and solutions, monitoring health status to optimize autonomy, and improving the quality of life of CDOAs, regardless of their level of dependency [8,9].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [8] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [9] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The research team developed and tested guides for the one-to-one interviews and PEIs for the CDOAs and ICs and for the FGs.

    “The research team developed and tested guides for the one-to-one interviews and PEIs for the CDOAs and ICs and for the FGs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Data collection used 10 photographs of relevant technologies and an interview guide developed from a literature review.

    “Data collection used 10 photographs of relevant technologies and an interview guide developed from a literature review [29].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [29] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All 5 centers used randomized sampling to select CDOAs in their respective AGGIR categories (independent, physically impaired CDOAs, and cognitively impaired CDOAs).

    “All 5 centers used randomized sampling to select CDOAs in their respective AGGIR categories (independent, physically impaired CDOAs, and cognitively impaired CDOAs).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    New devices should make it possible to alert informal caregivers and professional caregivers about the risks of health decompensation so that they can anticipate and implement appropriate intervention strategies or even intervene remotely, thus reducing the burden on both groups of caregivers.

    “New devices should make it possible to alert ICs and PCs about the risks of health decompensation so that they can anticipate and implement appropriate intervention strategies or even intervene remotely, thus reducing the burden on both groups of caregivers [14].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [14] Woolrych, R, 2016, Medicina

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The AGGIR scale is the official national tool in France for comprehensive geriatric assessment under home health care settings.

    “The AGGIR scale is the official national tool in France for comprehensive geriatric assessment under home health care settings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [28] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The technological skills of informal caregivers and professional caregivers will undoubtedly improve in the future.

    “as will those of ICs and PCs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The technological skills of CDOAs will undoubtedly improve in the future.

    “their technological skills will undoubtedly improve in the future”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    According to Peek et al, technology can play a role in helping CDOAs remain independent, active, and healthy for as long as possible.

    “According to Peek et al [24], technology can play a role in helping CDOAs remain independent, active, and healthy for as long as possible.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [24] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Technological instruments also allow users to participate actively in their health care and treatment follow-up.

    “Technological instruments also allow users to participate actively in their health care and treatment follow-up [18,19].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [18] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [19] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Technological tools will play an increasingly important role in home health care.

    “Technological tools will play an increasingly important role in home health care.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Several studies have shown that telehealth is effective in improving the well-being and quality of life of CDOAs.

    “Several studies have shown that telehealth (ie, technological solutions that enable remote monitoring of health status) is effective in improving the well-being and quality of life of CDOAs [15-17].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [15] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [16] source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [17] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The research team's geriatrician clinically judged the participants' physical and mental health statuses.

    “The research team’s geriatrician (NV) clinically judged the participants’ physical and mental health statuses.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Technology development must consider the somatic and psychopathological states of health of CDOAs.

    “Technology development must consider the somatic and psychopathological states of health of CDOAs, as mentioned in Cohen-Mansfield's work [33].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [33] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Many technologies will still require an assessment of user needs and their real potential for use.

    “Many technologies will still require an assessment of user needs and their real potential for use.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    These results were consistent with the research conducted by Chen and Chan.

    “These results were consistent with the research conducted by Chen and Chan [30].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The PEIs made it possible to clarify perceptions and specify acceptable technologies.

    “The PEIs made it possible to clarify perceptions and specify acceptable technologies.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Complex surveillance technologies (eg, cameras and motion detectors) were perceived to be intrusive and as posing a high risk to privacy; they were widely rejected by home health care stakeholders.

    “In line with previous research, complex surveillance technologies (eg, cameras and motion detectors) were perceived to be intrusive and as posing a high risk to privacy; they were widely rejected by home health care stakeholders [47].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [47] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    We adopted the approach described by Graneheim and Lundman to ensure the reliability of the results.

    “We adopted the approach described by Graneheim and Lundman [35] to ensure the reliability of the results.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [35] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The PEI guide contained 10 photographs, selected using the research team's empirical expertise, from a recent classification of gerontechnologies.

    “The PEI guide contained 10 photographs, selected using the research team’s empirical expertise (Multimedia Appendix 2), from a recent classification of gerontechnologies [29].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [29] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    It is important to go beyond the myth that technology will replace ICs and PCs.

    “Our findings suggest that it is important to go beyond the myth that technology will replace ICs and PCs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The complex context surrounding care for frail CDOAs is unique, uncertain, and constantly changing.

    “The complex context surrounding care for frail CDOAs is unique, uncertain, and constantly changing [48].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [48] source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    An 8-hour process of reflection and discussion by the research team resulted in an agreed set of themes.

    “An 8-hour process of reflection and discussion by the research team resulted in an agreed set of themes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Another strength of this study was its use of a novel combination of methodological approaches, via one-to-one interviews, FGs, and PEIs.

    “Another strength of this study was its use of a novel combination of methodological approaches, via one-to-one interviews, FGs, and PEIs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    One limitation of this study concerns the AGGIR tool's subjectivity when used as an overall clinical classification system of impairment among CDOAs.

    “One limitation of this study concerns the AGGIR tool’s subjectivity when used as an overall clinical classification system of impairment among CDOAs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    This study had some methodological limitations concerning the choices of the images shown in the PEIs.

    “Finally, this study had some methodological limitations concerning the choices of the images shown in the PEIs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The images could not always best present the different gerontechnologies to the heterogeneous research participants.

    “These could not always best present the different gerontechnologies to the heterogeneous research participants (CDOAs, ICs, and PCs).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
58 of 58

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Research into the use of technology for improving the daily lives of frail, cognitively impaired CDOAs is limited in naturalistic settings.

    “Despite the omnipresence of technology in modern society, research into its use for improving the daily lives of frail, cognitively impaired CDOAs is limited in naturalistic settings.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The perceptions of CDOAs and their informal caregivers and professional caregivers about the usefulness of technologies in maintaining their health status and helping them to age well at home have only rarely been examined.

    “Despite this potential, the perceptions of CDOAs and their ICs and PCs about the usefulness of technologies in maintaining their health status and helping them to age well at home have only rarely been examined.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The costs of specialist home care and social care to support CDOAs will increase exponentially.

    “The costs of specialist home care and social care to support CDOAs will increase exponentially.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    This is the first research in the field to have combined personal interviews, FGs, and PEIs in the same study.

    “To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research in the field to have combined personal interviews, FGs, and PEIs in the same study.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Research into perceptions about technology and its use to improve the daily lives of frail and cognitively impaired CDOAs is poor compared with research into its impact on younger populations.

    “Despite the omnipresence of technology in modern society, research into perceptions about it and its use to improve the daily lives of frail and cognitively impaired CDOAs is poor compared with research into its impact on younger populations.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Despite some evidence that technologies promote independence among CDOAs, they are often underused in daily home health care.

    “Despite some evidence that technologies promote independence among CDOAs, they are often underused in daily home health care.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Technology will help to optimize the management of CDOAs’ health problems and slow their loss of autonomy, both of which will strengthen home health care.

    “Technology will also help to optimize the management of CDOAs’ health problems and slow their loss of autonomy, both of which will strengthen home health care.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    As the mean age of the population is rising, the proportion of older adults with an interest in technology and with technological skills will increase.

    “Finally, as the mean age of the population is rising, the proportion of older adults with an interest in technology and with technological skills will increase.”
8 of 8

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Many studies on technologies for older adults, aside from smart speakers, have been conducted in participants' homes to empower aging in place.

    “For instance, many studies on technologies for older adults [49,50], aside from smart speakers, have been conducted in participants’ homes to empower aging in place, a principle highlighted in this finding.”

    From Smart Speakers for Health and Well-Being of Older Adults: A Mixed-Methods Review (2025) · cites this paper as [50]

    The Introduction (Background; page unavailable) describes technologies intended to help community-dwelling older adults remain at home, so this paper is an example of research on aging in place. The Methods (Design and Data Collection Procedure; pages unavailable) describe interviews and photo-elicitation, but do not establish that the study was conducted in participants’ homes. One paper also cannot substantiate the claim that many studies used that setting. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Informal caregivers' age SD differs between text and table

    Minor

    The text reports an age SD of 13.8 years for informal caregivers, but Table 2 reports 13.4.

  • Professional caregivers' age SD differs between text and table

    Minor

    The text reports an age SD of 9.4 years for professional caregivers, but Table 3 reports 9.1.

  • Focus-group total does not match the stated mean duration

    Minor

    Four focus groups averaging 75 minutes would total 300 minutes (5 hours), not the reported 4 hours and 50 minutes (290 minutes).

    Reported 290 · recomputed 300

  • Reported participant age falls below the eligibility threshold

    Minor

    Eligibility required participants to be at least 65 years old, but Table 1 gives a minimum age of 64.

  • Country counts include 22 informal caregivers, not 21

    Minor

    The French and Swiss counts for informal caregivers sum to 22, whereas the stated sample contains 21.

    Reported 21 · recomputed 22

5 of 5

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. 2016, OECD Factbook 2015-2016: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics
  2. 2017, Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators
  3. Bouma, H, 1998, Stud Health Technol Inform, 48, 93
  4. Woolrych, R, 2016, Medicina, 49, 5
  5. Dantoine, T, 2015, Solutions innovantes de demain pour l'assistance à domicile. Silver-Economie

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Verloo, H., Kampel, T., Vidal, N., & Pereira, F.
Affiliations
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
  • HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (CH)
  • Conseil Départemental de la Haute-Savoie (FR)
  • School of Health Sciences - HES-SO Valais-Wallis (CH)
Corresponding author
Verloo, Henk
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Medical Internet Research
Publisher
JMIR Publications Inc.
Published
2020-06-04
Volume
22
Issue
6
Pages
e17930
ISSN
1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2196/17930
PMC
PMC7303826
OpenAlex
W3022724519
Semantic Scholar
33936dc452ac3ad45cc15dc3fc3bac270c7fd0f9
Cited by
57
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
FWCI
12.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • ArODES (HES-SO (https://www.hes-so.ch/)) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • European Regional Development Fund (2014-2020’)
  • Interreg (2014-2020)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Technology Use by Older Adults
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords
community-dwelling older adults, aging in place, assistive technology, technology adoption, informal caregivers, professional caregivers, caregiver perceptions, fall detection, home safety, activities of daily living, cognitive decline, home health care, older adults' perceptions
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Qualitative Research, Independent Living

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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