Impact of educational level on study attrition and evaluation of web-based computer-tailored interventions: results from seven randomized controlled trials
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BACKGROUND: Web-based computer-tailored interventions have shown to be effective in improving health behavior; however, high dropout attrition is a major issue in these interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether people with a lower educational level drop out from studies more frequently compared to people with a higher educational level and to what extent this depends on evaluation of these interventions. METHODS: Data from 7 randomized controlled trials of Web-based computer-tailored interventions were used to investigate dropout rates among participants with different educational levels. To be able to compare higher and lower educated participants, intervention evaluation was assessed by pooling data from these studies. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether intervention evaluation predicted dropout at follow-up measurements. RESULTS: In 3 studies, we found a higher study dropout attrition rate among participants with a lower educational level, whereas in 2 studies we found that middle educated participants had a higher dropout attrition rate compared to highly educated participants. In 4 studies, no such significant difference was found. Three of 7 studies showed that participants with a lower or middle educational level evaluated the interventions significantly better than highly educated participants ("Alcohol-Everything within the Limit": F2,376=5.97, P=.003; "My Healthy Behavior": F2,359=5.52, P=.004; "Master Your Breath": F2,317=3.17, P=.04). One study found lower intervention evaluation by lower educated participants compared to participants with a middle educational level ("Weight in Balance": F2,37=3.17, P=.05). Low evaluation of the interventions was not a significant predictor of dropout at a later follow-up measurement in any of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Dropout attrition rates were higher among participants with a lower or middle educational level compared with highly educated participants. Although lower educated participants evaluated the interventions better in approximately half of the studies, evaluation did not predict dropout attrition. Further research is needed to find other explanations for high dropout rates among lower educated participants.
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Participants with a higher educational level engage more with online interventions and have lower drop-out rates compared to lower educated persons.
“where participants with a higher educational level engage more with online interventions and have lower drop-out rates compared to lower educated persons. The reasons could be related to the fact that lower educated people tend to use more written health information, invest less time online seeking health information, and it is possible that they lose interest in the intervention sooner (Reinwand”
From A Self-Applied Multi-Component Psychological Online Intervention Based on UX, for the Prevention of Complicated Grief Disorder in the Mexican Population During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as Reinwand et al., 2015
The Dropout Attrition section reports lower dropout among highly educated participants in some, but not all, of the seven studies, and offers the stated reasons as possibilities. It does not establish that highly educated participants engaged more with the interventions; the Evaluation section instead reports that lower educated participants evaluated them more positively in three studies. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLower educated people tend to use more written health information, invest less time online seeking health information, and may lose interest sooner.
“The reasons could be related to the fact that lower educated people tend to use more written health information, invest less time online seeking health information, and it is possible that they lose interest in the intervention sooner (Reinwand et al., 2015).”
From A Self-Applied Multi-Component Psychological Online Intervention Based on UX, for the Prevention of Complicated Grief Disorder in the Mexican Population During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as Reinwand et al., 2015
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- Elfeddali I, Bolman C, Candel Math JJ, Wiers W, de Vries H. Preventing smoking relapse via Web-based computer-tailored feedback: a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(4):e109 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2057] [Medline: 22903145] · DOI
- Edited by P Bamidis; submitted 17.07.15; peer-reviewed by P Krebs, P Antoniou, E Paraskevopoulos; comments to author 12.08.15; revised version received 08.09.15; accepted 22.09.15; published 07.10.15 Please cite as: Reinwand DA, Crutzen R, Elfeddali I, Schneider F, Schulz DN, Smit ES, Stanczyk NE, Tange H, Voncken-Brewster V, Walthouwer MJL, Hoving C, de Vries H Impact of Educational Level on Study Attrition and Evaluation of Web-Based Computer-Tailored Interventions: Results From Seven Randomized Controlled Trials J Med Internet Res 2015;17(10):e228 URL: http://www.jmir.org/2015/10/e228/ doi:10.2196/jmir.4941 PMID:26446779
- ©Dominique A Reinwand, Rik Crutzen, Iman Elfeddali, Francine Schneider, Daniela Nadine Schulz, Eline Suzanne Smit, Nicola Esther Stanczyk, Huibert Tange, Viola Voncken-Brewster, Michel Jean Louis Walthouwer, Ciska Hoving, Hein de Vries. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 07.10
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- Authors
- Reinwand, D. A., Crutzen, R., Elfeddali, I., Schneider, F., Schulz, D. N., Stanczyk, N. E., Tange, H., Voncken-Brewster, V., Walthouwer, M. J. L., Hoving, C., & de Vries, H.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Reinwand, Dominique A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2015-10-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e228
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6304215
- OpenAlex
- W1950226912
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 7.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- educational attainment, study dropout, attrition, intervention evaluation, health behavior change, online health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Computers, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Health Behavior, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Internet
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