Comparing Two Web-Based Smoking Cessation Programs: Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation remains a significant public health problem. Innovative interventions that use the Internet have begun to emerge that offer great promise in reaching large numbers of participants and encouraging widespread behavior change. To date, the relatively few controlled trials of Web-based smoking cessation programs have been limited by short follow-up intervals. OBJECTIVE: We describe the 6-month follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial in which participants recruited online were randomly assigned to either a Web-based smoking cessation program (Quit Smoking Network; QSN) or a Web-based exercise enhancement program (Active Lives) adapted somewhat to encourage smoking cessation. METHODS: The study was a two-arm randomized controlled trial that compared two Web-based smoking cessation programs: (1) the QSN intervention condition presented cognitive-behavioral strategies, and (2) the Active Lives control condition provided participants with guidance in developing a physical activity program to assist them with quitting. The QSN condition provided smoking cessation information and behavior change strategies while the Active Lives condition provided participants with physical activity recommendations and goal setting. The QSN condition was designed to be more engaging (eg, it included multimedia components) and to present much greater content than is typically found in smoking cessation programs. RESULTS: Contrary to our hypotheses, no between-condition differences in smoking abstinence were found at 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. While participants in the QSN intervention condition spent more time than controls visiting the online program, the median number of 1.0 visit in each condition and the substantial attrition (60.8% at the 6-month follow-up) indicate that participants were not as engaged as we had expected. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, our test of two Web-based smoking cessation conditions, an intervention and an attention placebo control, failed to show differences at 3- and 6-month assessments. We explored possible reasons for this finding, including limited engagement of participants and simplifying program content and architecture. Future research needs to address methods to improve participant engagement in online smoking cessation programs. Possible approaches in this regard can include new informed consent procedures that better explain the roles and responsibilities of being a research participant, new program designs that add more vitality (changing content from visit to visit), and new types of reminders pushed out to participants to encourage return visits. Simplifying program content through a combination of enhanced tailoring and information architecture also merits further research attention.
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Logins were found to be positively associated with outcome in studies targeting food and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight management.
“Using the previously described rating system, logins were found to be positively associated with outcome in studies targeting food and vegetable consumption [32], physical activity [33-37], and weight management [38-40].”
From A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies (2011) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- McKay, H. G., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Lichtenstein, E., & Gau, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Danaher, Brian G
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2008-11-18
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e40
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2630830
- OpenAlex
- W2120544437
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA079946, R01-CA79946)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, online intervention, cognitive-behavioral techniques, physical activity, smoking abstinence, participant engagement, attrition, online health program
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Automation, Behavior Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Goals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Placebos, Self Concept, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Software, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Patient Selection, Internet
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