Exploring the Influence of a Smartphone App (Young with Diabetes) on Young People’s Self-Management: Qualitative Study
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adequate self-management is the cornerstone of preventing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications. However, T1DM self-management is challenging for young people, who often struggle during the transition from childhood to adulthood. The mobile health (mHealth) app Young with Diabetes (YWD) was developed in collaboration with young people to enhance their T1DM self-management during this transition. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of YWD on young people's self-management during a 12-month period. METHODS: A qualitative explorative approach was used, comprising a purposive sample of 20 young people (11 females and 9 males, ages 15 to 23 years, with app use of 3 to 64 days) from 3 pediatric and 3 adult departments. Participants were interviewed individually using a semistructured interview guide. Data were collected from January to March 2017 and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5 themes were identified: (1) not feeling alone anymore ("we are in this together"); (2) gaining competence by sharing experiences and practical knowledge ("they know what they are talking about"); (3) feeling safer ("it's just a click away"); (4) breaking the ice by starting to share thoughts and feelings and asking for help ("it is an outstretched hand"); and (5) lack of motivating factors ("done with the app"). Young people reported that YWD promoted self-management by peer-to-peer social support, exchanging messages with health care providers, and sharing YWD with parents. Participants recommended YWD as a supplement to self-management for newly diagnosed young people with T1DM and suggested improvements in app content and functionality. CONCLUSIONS: The mHealth app YWD has the potential to support self-management. In particular, peer-to-peer support reduced feelings of loneliness and helped young people to gain knowledge and skills for managing T1DM. A need exists for alternative ways to train health care providers in using YWD and to support collaboration between young people and their parents to further improve young people's self-management of T1DM.
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“Users become encouraged when they receive a quick answer to their questions from their practitioners through the app.(33) The FeverApp users have also requested such features, in order not only to have answers to their questions but also for their practitioners to have access to their entries.”
BackgroundReineke, L., Hübner, U., Kröner, S., & Liebe, J.-D. (2022) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti220133 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mahdavi, N., Safdari, R., Behforouz, A., & Ramezanghorbani, N. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70679 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Recent studies have highlighted that technologies that have become integral to daily life, such as mobile phones and text messaging, possess the potential to enhance self ‐ care behaviors and improve overall health and well ‐ being [14, 21].”
Elkefi, S., & Asan, O. (2022) · IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering · doi:10.1109/isse54508.2022.10005429 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“In fact, a recent study interviewing young individuals with chronic disease (diabetes) showed that mhealth helped them have more continuity in their relationships with their healthcare providers [23].”
BackgroundChiang, Y., Yu, H.-Y., Tsay, P., Chen, C., Chang, C., Hsu, C.-L., Lo, F., & Moons, P. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/59871 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Although young patients with T1D generally provide positive ratings for the usability and feasibility of user-centered apps [35,36], these inconsistent results indicate that further evidence is necessary to support the effectiveness of app-based interventions.”
Saard, P., Farré, A., Boehnke, J. R., & Malcolm, C. A. (2026) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106261422691 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“43,48 The third theme, coping with diabetes, refers to how to manage the challenges of diabetes in a positive way.”
Do diabetes mHealth and online interventions evaluate what is important for users
Larbi, D., Bradway, M., Randine, P., Antypas, K., Gabarrón, E., & Årsand, E. (2019) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sonnet, E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98119-2_8
Lv, X., Cao, Y., Xia, J., Tan, R., & Chang, P. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.11476
The Young-with-Diabetes App-Study: A 12-month Randomized Controlled TrialPreprint
Castensøe‐Seidenfaden, P., Husted, G. R., Jensen, A. K., Hommel, E. E., Olsen, B. S., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Kensing, F., & Teilmann, G. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.9487.a
Self-citationJulian, M., Campbell, F., Mehar, S., Hanson, F., Mullier, C., Julian, R., & Hughes, J. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110520
‘Not just a diabetic’: Exploring the service needs of young people with diabetes
Patel, K., & Stockton, D. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Forum · doi:10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.362.34
Lloyd, N., Kenny, A. J., & Hyett, N. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14457255
Lloyd, N., Kenny, A. J., & Hyett, N. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14457252
Lloyd, N., Kenny, A. J., & Hyett, N. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14457249
Heil, L., Shipman, J., Smalls, L., & Feo, R. (2025) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70188
Enhancing diabetes monitoring systems’ reports: A novel integrated diabetes report (IDR)
Aldaghi, T., Bém, R., & Mužík, J. (2026) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106288
Mobile Health Interventions to Support Self-Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Granados, I., Fedele, D. A., & Patton, S. R. (2026) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-026-01645-2
- Authors
- Husted, G. R., Weis, J., Teilmann, G., & Castensøe-Seidenfaden, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- JMIR mHealth and uHealth
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2018-02-28
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e43
- ISSN
- 2291-5222 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5856925
- OpenAlex
- W2788900848
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 10.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Herlev Hospital
- Region Hovedstaden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, diabetes self-management, mobile health apps, youth, peer support, social support, transition from childhood to adulthood, loneliness, patient-provider communication, parental involvement, newly diagnosed diabetes, app usability
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