Apps and adolescents: a systematic review of adolescents’ use of mobile phone and tablet apps that support personal management of their chronic or long-term physical conditions
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of physical chronic or long-term conditions in adolescents aged 10-24 years is rising. Mobile phone and tablet mobile technologies featuring software program apps are widely used by these adolescents and their healthy peers for social networking or gaming. Apps are also used in health care to support personal condition management and they have considerable potential in this context. There is a growing body of literature on app use in health contexts, thereby making a systematic review of their effectiveness very timely. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of mobile apps designed to support adolescents' management of their physical chronic or long-term conditions. METHODS: We conducted a review of the English-language literature published since 2003 in five relevant bibliographical databases using key search terms. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts using data extraction and quality assessment tools. RESULTS: The search returned 1120 hits. Of the 19 eligible full-text papers, four met our review criteria, reporting one pilot randomized controlled trial and three pretest/post-test studies. Samples ranged from 4 to 18 participants, with a combined sample of 46 participants. The apps reported were targeted at type 1 diabetes, asthma, and cancer. Two papers provided data for calculating effect size. Heterogeneity in terms of study design, reported outcomes, follow-up times, participants' ages, and health conditions prevented meta-analyses. There was variation in whether adolescents received guidance in using the app or were solely responsible for navigating the app. Three studies reported some level of patient involvement in app design, development, and/or evaluation. Health professional involvement in the modelling stages of apps was reported in all studies, although it was not always clear whether specific clinical (as opposed to academic) expertise in working with adolescents was represented. The dearth of studies and the small overall sample size emphasizes the need for future studies of the development, evaluation, use, and effectiveness of mobile apps to support adolescents' personal management of their conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A key finding of the review is the paucity of evidence-based apps that exist, in contrast to the thousands of apps available on the app market that are not evidence-based or user or professional informed. Although we aimed to assess the effectiveness of apps, the dearth of studies meeting our criteria meant that we were unable to be conclusive in this regard. Based on the available evidence, apps may be considered feasible health interventions, but more studies involving larger sample sizes, and with patient and health professional input at all stages, are needed to determine apps' acceptability and effectiveness. This review provides valuable findings and paves the way for future rigorous development and evaluation of health apps for adolescents with chronic or long-term conditions.
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Self-management interventions have been found to be effective for CA with other chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes.
“Self-management interventions have been found to be effective for adults with IBD 4 and also for CA with other chronic diseases 16 such as asthma 17, 18 and diabetes 19 .”
From A Systematic review of self-management interventions for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
The citation is attached to the claim that self-management interventions are effective for adolescents with other chronic diseases. Although the review includes apps for asthma and diabetes, its Discussion > Conclusions states that too few studies were available to determine their effectiveness; Discussion > Limitations likewise says the authors could not comment on effectiveness. The source therefore does not support the claimed established effectiveness. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Majeed-Ariss, R., Baildam, E., Campbell, M., Chieng, A., Fallon, D., Hall, A., McDonagh, J. E., Stones, S. R., Thomson, W., & Swallow, V.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (GB)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Swallow, Veronica
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2015-12-23
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e287
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4704897
- OpenAlex
- W2207811147
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- University of Manchester
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile Learning in Education
- Keywords
- mobile health apps, adolescents, chronic physical illness, self-management, type 1 diabetes, asthma, cancer, health professional involvement, acceptability, mobile phone app, tablet application, digital health interventions, health literacy, health information seeking
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Cell Phone, Mobile Applications
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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