Cited by 619Chronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesDialysis and Renal Disease ManagementBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

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Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: Baseline Characteristics and Associations with Kidney Function

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Lash, James P., Go, Alan S., Appel, Lawrence J., He, Jiang, Ojo, Akinlolu, Rahman, Mahboob, Townsend, Raymond R., Xie, Dawei, Cifelli, Denise, Cohan, Janet, Fink, Jeffrey C., Fischer, Michael J., Gadegbeku, Crystal, Hamm, L. Lee, Kusek, John W., Landis, J. Richard, Narva, Andrew, Robinson, Nancy, Teal, Valerie, Feldman, Harold I.·2009·Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

DOI 10.2215/cjn.00070109PMC PMC2723966

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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study was established to examine risk factors for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with CKD. We examined baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Seven clinical centers recruited adults who were aged 21 to 74 yr and had CKD using age-based estimated GFR (eGFR) inclusion criteria. At baseline, blood and urine specimens were collected and information regarding health behaviors, diet, quality of life, and functional status was obtained. GFR was measured using radiolabeled iothalamate in one third of participants. RESULTS: A total of 3612 participants were enrolled with mean age +/- SD of 58.2 +/- 11.0 yr; 46% were women, and 47% had diabetes. Overall, 45% were non-Hispanic white, 46% were non-Hispanic black, and 5% were Hispanic. Eighty-six percent reported hypertension, 22% coronary disease, and 10% heart failure. Mean body mass index was 32.1 +/- 7.9 kg/m(2), and 47% had a BP >130/80 mmHg. Mean eGFR was 43.4 +/- 13.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and median (interquartile range) protein excretion was 0.17 g/24 h (0.07 to 0.81 g/24 h). Lower eGFR was associated with older age, lower socioeconomic and educational level, cigarette smoking, self-reported CVD, peripheral arterial disease, and elevated BP. CONCLUSIONS: Lower level of eGFR was associated with a greater burden of CVD as well as lower socioeconomic and educational status. Long-term follow-up of participants will provide critical insights into the epidemiology of CKD and its relationship to adverse outcomes.

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Method
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease
Xiao, C., Tamura, M. K., Pan, Y., Rao, V., Missikpode, C., Vlasschaert, C., Nakao, T., Sun, X., Li, C., Huang, Z., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14182 · Cited by 14
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Background
Lipoprotein(a) and the Risk for Recurrent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events Among Adults With CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
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BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
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Self-citation
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“Discussion In contrast to some large, longitudinal trials of CKD, which exclude subjects with stage 1 or 2 disease [21,22], our cohort was enriched for patients with preserved GFR, which enabled identification of progression risk factors that might be more amenable to therapeutic intervention.”
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Method
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BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
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Lin, Y., Bansal, N., Vittinghoff, E., Go, A. S., & Hsu, C. (2013) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/1471-2369-14-268 · Cited by 10
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“18 Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, nonfasting glucose level ≥200 mg/dL, and/or use of antidiabetic medications.”
Self-citation
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“73 m(2)).(11,12) CRIC participants are followed every 6 months to ascertain interim medical history and to collect physiologic data.”
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease: Low Access and Utilization
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Self-citation
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Yu, Y., Zhang, M., Tang, Y., Zhai, C., Hu, W., Yu, G., Sun, H., Xu, Y., Zong, Q., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111801 · Cited by 9
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Relationship between hemodialysis patients’ educational level and arteriovenous fistula patency
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Ishigami, J., Jaar, B. G., Charleston, J. B., Lash, J. P., Brown, J. J., Chen, J., Mills, K. T., Taliercio, J. J., Kansal, S. K., Crews, D. C., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.007 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
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Ghazi, L., Cohen, J. B., Townsend, R. R., Drawz, P. E., Rahman, M., Pradhan, N., Cohen, D. L., Weir, M. R., Rincon-Choles, H., & Juraschek, S. P. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003604 · Cited by 9
“Participants were not eligible for ABPM if their arm circumference was more than 50 cm ( n 25), they self-reported being night-shift workers ( n 15), had a history of breast cancer requiring mastectomy ( n ¼ 19), or had previous end-stage kidney disease ¼ previously published [16–18].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
High and low estimated glomerular filtration rates are associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies
Ui, T., Obi, Y., Shimomura, A., Lefor, A. K., Alizadeh, R. F., Said, H., Nguyen, N. T., Stamos, M. J., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Sata, N., et al. (2018) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy108 · Cited by 9
“inflammatory markers and socioeconomic factors) [48, 49].”
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“73 m2), median;IQR 32 [23-42] 30 [22-39] 27 [21-37] 33 [25-43] 34 [27-47]”
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“The design and methods of the study and inclusion criteria for study participants have been described previously.(12,13) Briefly, the CRIC Study recruited 3,939 participants aged 21 to 74 years with eGFRs between 20 and 70 mL/min/1.”
MethodSelf-citation
Genome-wide association studies in pediatric chronic kidney disease
Gupta, J., Kanetsky, P. A., Wuttke, M., Köttgen, A., Schaefer, F. S., & Wong, C. S. (2015) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-015-3235-y · Cited by 9
“In the case of PediGFR, other characterized cohorts of children with CKD are lacking, although replication could be considered in adult CKD cohorts [20, 21].”
Background
Commentary to ‘Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system)’
Kremsdorf, R. A. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Urology · doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.10.001 · Cited by 9
“The development of standardized classification criteria for chronic kidney disease [1] and acute kidney injury [2,3] has allowed for large-scale studies [4,5] that have greatly advanced our understanding of these diseases.”
Background
Serum Bicarbonate and Structural and Functional Cardiac Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease - A Report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Dobre, M. A., Roy, J., Tao, K., Anderson, A. H., Bansal, N., Chen, J., Deo, R., Drawz, P. E., Feldman, H. I., Hamm, L. L., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000446860 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
BP and Kidney Disease Progression in Advanced CKD
Park, C. H., Kim, H. W., Park, J. T., Chang, T. I., Yoo, T., Oh, K., Anderson, A. H., Yang, W. P., Cohen, J. B., Rahman, M., et al. (2025) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000760 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Use of Artificial Intelligence to Identify New Mechanisms and Approaches to Therapy of Bone Disorders Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease
Gawęda, A. E., Lederer, E. D., & Brier, M. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.807994 · Cited by 8
“This model was derived from the published literature (11–13) and validated using human data collected in the Chronic Renal Insuﬃciency Cohort (CRIC) study (14, 15).”
Method
Relationship of dietary intake of food folate and synthetic folic acid intake from fortified foods with all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease
Liu, M., Ye, Z., Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., He, P., Zhou, C., Hou, F. F., & Qin, X. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo03927g · Cited by 9
Sleep disordered breathing in patients with chronic kidney diseases: How far the problem?
Aaty, H. E. S. A. E., El-Aziz, A. A., Aora, M., El-Helbawy, R., & El-Refaey, R. (2014) · Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.11.018 · Cited by 8
Dietary Oxidative Balance Scores and Biomarkers of Inflammation among Individuals with and without Chronic Kidney Disease
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New-onset ESRD secondary to reflux nephropathy has decreased in incidence in the United States
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Self-citation
Emergency Department/Urgent Care as Usual Source of Care and Clinical Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Toth‐Manikowski, S. M., Hsu, J. Y., Fischer, M. J., Cohen, J. B., Lora, C. M., Tan, T. C., He, J., Greer, R. C., Weir, M. R., Zhang, X., et al. (2022) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100424 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Chronic kidney disease in public renal practices in Queensland, Australia, 2011–2018
Hoy, W. E., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Diwan, V., Cameron, A. L., Venuthurupalli, S. K., Fassett, R. G., Chan, S., Healy, H. G., Tan, K., et al. (2022) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.14111 · Cited by 8
A 4-Variable Model to Predict Cardio-Kidney Events and Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Mendonça, L., Vieira, M. B., Neves, J. S., Castro‐Chaves, P., & Ferreira, J. P. (2023) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000533223 · Cited by 8
Peripheral Artery Disease in CKD: Anatomically Peripheral But Clinically Central
Hishida, M., Menez, S. P., & Matsushita, K. (2019) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.10.006 · Cited by 9
Association of combined fractional excretion of phosphate and FGF23 with heart failure and cardiovascular events in moderate and advanced renal disease
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“The CRIC is a multicenter prospective cohort that recruited patients with prevalent CKD across seven clinical centers in the United States between 2003 and 2008 [12].”
Background
Alterations in the Circulating Proteome Associated with Albuminuria
Kiernan, E. A., Surapaneni, A., Zhou, L., Schlosser, P., Walker, K. A., Rhee, E. P., Ballantyne, C. M., Deo, R., Dubin, R. F., Ganz, P., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000000000108 · Cited by 7
Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Assessed by Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease—A Report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Thomas, G., Felts, J., Brecklin, C. S., Chen, J., Drawz, P. E., Lustigova, E., Mehta, R. C., Miller, E. R., Sozio, S. M., Weir, M. R., et al. (2020) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0002072020 · Cited by 7
“The study design and baseline characteristics of participants have been described previously (17,18).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Risk Factors for 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)–Related Hospitalization and Death Among Racial/Ethnic Groups in New Mexico
Thompson, D., Jungk, J., Hancock, E. B., Smelser, C. B., Landen, M., Nichols, M. C., Selvage, D., Baumbach, J., & Sewell, M. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.test.2011.300223 · Cited by 7
Vitamin K Status and Cognitive Function in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
Shea, M. K., Wang, J., Barger, K., Weiner, D. E., Booth, S. L., Seliger, S. L., Anderson, A. H., Deo, R., Feldman, H. I., Go, A. S., et al. (2022) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/cdn/nzac111 · Cited by 7
“Full details of the CRIC study design, recruitment, and human subjects’ protection have been described previously (9).”
MethodSelf-citation
Smoking, Vascular Events, and ESRD in Patients With CKD
Cedillo-Couvert, E. A., & Ricardo, A. C. (2016) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.004 · Cited by 7
“The prevalence of current smoking reported in CKD populations varies between 10% and 15%,(6,8-10) with up to 56% of individuals with mild to moderate CKD reporting exposure to more than 100 cigarettes during their lifetime.(11) With more than 26 million Americans living with CKD,(10,12) interventions to reduce exposur…”
Doença renal crônica em adultos de Rio Branco, Acre: inquérito de base populacional
Amaral, T. L. M., Amaral, C. D. A., de Vasconcellos, M. T. L., & Monteiro, G. T. R. (2021) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232020261.22402018 · Cited by 7
“Categorias de risco da DRC total Albuminúria DRC (tfG* e/ou Albuminúria) A1 (<30) A2 (30-299) A3 (≥300)”
Background
Slowing Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Drawz, P. E., Hostetter, T. H., & Rosenberg, M. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815876-0.00057-7 · Cited by 8
Socioeconomic Characteristics of those with Peripheral Artery Disease in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)
Stoecker, J., Cohen, J., Belkin, N. L., Chen, J., Townsend, R., Xie, D., Feldman, H., & Wang, G. J. (2022) · Vascular · doi:10.1177/17085381211053492 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Cardiac Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Nonproteinuric CKD
Shulman, R. S., Yang, W. P., Cohen, D. L., Reese, P. P., Cohen, J. B., & the CRIC Study Investigators (2024) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23184 · Cited by 7
“16,17 Participants in the first phase of CRIC were eligible if they were between ages 21 and 74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to 70 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 .”
Influential
Physical Function and Mortality in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
Liu, C., Parvathinathan, G., Stedman, M. R., Seliger, S. L., Weiner, D. E., Tamura, M. K., & for the CRIC Study Investigators (2024) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000000000515 · Cited by 6
“Using data from the Chronic Renal Insuf ﬁ ciency Cohort (CRIC), 9 the largest ongoing cohort study of CKD in the United States, we hypothesized that a model incorporating physical function will better predict all-cause mortality, when compared with a model using solely demographic, comorbidity, and…”
Family History in the Context of CKD
Zanoni, F., Marasà, M., Carlassara, L., Verbitsky, M., Khan, A., Wang, C., Bundy, J. D., Canetta, P. A., Bomback, A. S., Parsa, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000653 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Atherosclerotic vascular disease is more prevalent among black ESKD patients on long-term CAPD in South Africa
Oguntola, S. O., Hassan, M. O., Duarte, R. A. B., Vachiat, A., Manga, P., & Naicker, S. (2019) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-019-1583-8 · Cited by 6
A Comparative Study of Serum Phosphate and Related Parameters in Chronic Kidney Disease between the USA and Japan
Fujii, N., Hamano, T., Hsu, J. Y., Imai, E., Akizawa, T., Nitta, K., Watanabe, T., Iimuro, S., Ohashi, Y., Matsuo, S., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000521386 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Social Determinants of Health and Their Impact on the Black Race Coefficient in Serum Creatinine–Based Estimation of GFR
Eneanya, N. D., Adingwupu, O. M., Kostelanetz, S., Norris, K. C., Greene, T., Lewis, J. B., Beddhu, S., Boucher, R. E., Miao, S., Chaudhari, J., et al. (2023) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000000000109 · Cited by 6
“3 Income Low 45 (23) 144 (10) 328 (62) 425 (47) High 134 (68) 1198 (84) 118 (22) 347 (38) Education, n (%) College graduate or more 59 (30) 543 (38) 124 (23) 133 (15) Some college 51 (26) 379 (26) 122 (23) 140 (16) High school graduate 51 (26) 379 (26) 178 (34) 223 (25) Less than high school 35 (18) 129 (9) 104 (20) 3…”
Dietary Patterns, Apolipoprotein L1 Risk Genotypes, and CKD Outcomes Among Black Adults in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study
Ilori, T., Brooks, M., Desai, P. N., Cheung, K. L., Judd, S., Crews, D., Cushman, M., Winkler, C., Shlipak, M., Kopp, J., et al. (2023) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100621 · Cited by 5
Association of Blood Pressure Genetic Risk Score with Cardiovascular Disease and CKD Progression: Findings from the CRIC Study
Nierenberg, J. L., Anderson, A. H., He, J., Parsa, A., Srivastava, A., Cohen, J. B., Saraf, S. L., Rahman, M., Rosas, S. E., Kelly, T. N., et al. (2021) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0007632020 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Rates of Cardiovascular Disease and CKD Progression in Young Adults with CKD across Racial and Ethnic Groups
Kula, A. J., Prince, D. K., Limonte, C. P., Young, B. A., & Bansal, N. (2022) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0006712021 · Cited by 6
Missing Opportunity for Nephroprotective Therapy in Patients With Non-Dialysis CKD Under Stable Nephrology Care
Nicola, L. D., Ruotolo, C., Manna, G. L., Bellizzi, V., Gesualdo, L., Nappi, F., Ferraro, P. M., Marcantoni, C., Santoro, D., Stallone, G., et al. (2026) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106541 · Cited by 5
Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes by Age in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)
Fischman, C. J., Townsend, R. R., Cohen, D. L., Rahman, M., Weir, M. R., Juraschek, S. P., South, A. M., Appel, L. J., Drawz, P. E., Cohen, J. B., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpae136 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Longitudinal Changes in Prorenin and Renin in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
Cho, M. E., Sweeney, C., Fino, N. F., Greene, T., Ramkumar, N., Huang, Y., Ricardo, A. C., Shafi, T., Deo, R., Anderson, A. H., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000514302 · Cited by 5
Examining the factors contributing to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and a low rate of kidney function decline in diabetes
Buyadaa, O., Salim, A., Morton, J. I., Jandeleit-Dahm, K. A. M., Magliano, D. J., & Shaw, J. E. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/20420188221083518 · Cited by 5
Apolipoprotein L1 Genotypes and the Association of Urinary Potassium Excretion with CKD Progression
Ilori, T. O., Liu, J., Rodan, A. R., Verma, A., Mills, K. T., He, J., Winkler, C. A., Dupuis, J., Anderson, C. A. M., & Waikar, S. S. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.02680322 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Dietary Fiber Intake and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Pradhan, N., Delozier, S., Brar, S., Perez, J. A., Rahman, M., & Dobre, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2024.07.014 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and risk of hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease
Saunders, M. R., Ricardo, A. C., Chen, J., Anderson, A. H., Cedillo-Couvert, E. A., Fischer, M. J., Hernandez-Rivera, J., Hicken, M. T., Hsu, J. Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000021028 · Cited by 5
“The study protocol and baseline characteristics have been described previously.([20,21])”
MethodSelf-citation
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Adults With CKD Taking a Moderate- or High-Intensity Statin: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Poudel, B., Rosenson, R. S., Bittner, V., Gutiérrez, O. M., Anderson, A. H., Woodward, M., Deo, R., Carson, A. P., Mues, K. E., Dluzniewski, P. J., et al. (2021) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2021.04.008 · Cited by 5
Phosphorus Consumption Within 1 Hour Prior to Blood Work and Associated Serum Levels of Phosphate, Calcium, and PTH in Adult Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment
Mazzetti, T., Hopman, W. M., Couture, L., Christilaw, E., Munroe, J., Babiolakis, C. S., Adams, M. A., & Holden, R. M. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease · doi:10.1177/2054358119856891 · Cited by 5
“7, suggesting that the most vulnerable people may be at highest risk.(18) Phosphate follows a diurnal variation characterized by a nadir in the morning, a rise in the early afternoon and a peak at night.”
Background
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability, Progression of Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
Byfield, R. L., Zhang, R., Cohen, D. L., Townsend, R. R., Hossain, A., Shimbo, D., Cohen, J. B., CRIC Study Investigators, Anderson, A. H., Appel, L. J., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaf102 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Ethnic Disparities in CKD Progression
Ko, B., Jung, C., Ko, Y. E., Kang, D. H., Heo, G. Y., Koh, H. B., Park, C. H., Kim, H. W., Park, J. T., Chang, T. I., et al. (2025) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000884 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Relationship Between the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Renal Function
Karayakalı, M., Kadi, H., Karaman, K., Çelik, A., Özbek, K., Damar, I., Zorlu, Ç., Atmaca, H., Ömür, S., & Önalan, O. (2026) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197261416667 · Cited by 4
Chronic Kidney Disease Severity and Risk of Cognitive Impairment
Huang, Z., Yaffe, K. S., Li, C., Xiao, C., Pan, Y., Sun, X., Anderson, A. H., Jiang, H., Jaar, B. G., Han, H., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.59834 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs Equation for Adverse Cardio-Kidney Outcomes in CKD Population
Ko, B., Jung, C., Ko, Y. E., Koh, H. B., Park, C. H., Kim, H. W., Park, J. T., Han, S. H., Kang, S. M., Kim, J., et al. (2026) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000001078 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Association between MR-proADM concentration and treatment intensity of antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease patients with insufficient blood pressure control
Iwao, M., Tanaka, R., Suzuki, Y., Nakata, T., Aoki, K., Fukuda, A., Fukunaga, N., Tatsuta, R., Ohno, K., Shibata, H., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01403-2 · Cited by 4
Long-term trajectory of renal dysfunction and related risk factors in patients with apparently treatment-resistant and non-resistant arterial hypertension
Ramík, Z., Václavík, J., Kvapil, T., Jelínek, L., Kociánová, E., Kamasova, M., Benešová, K., Jarkovský, J., Drápela, M., & Lys, Z. (2024) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037051.2024.2353836 · Cited by 4
“ATRH prevalence was higher with more advanced CKD [6,35,36].”
Associations of Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic with Patient Characteristics and Behaviors in CKD Patients: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
DORANS, K. S., Nunes, J. A. W., Schaubel, D. E., Sha, D., Schrauben, S. J., Nelson, R. G., Rao, P. S., Cohen, D. L., Appel, L. J., Lash, J. P., et al. (2022) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0000222022 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation are associated with hospitalisations in patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis: a prospective population-based cohort study
Steiner, D., Schmaldienst, S., Lorenz, M., Klauser‐Braun, R., Pabinger, I., Ay, C., Säemann, M. D., & Königsbrügge, O. (2022) · Thrombosis Journal · doi:10.1186/s12959-022-00434-7 · Cited by 4
“and, more importantly, the CRIC study excluded patients with prior dialysis [16, 17].”
Background
Effect of Blood Pressure Index on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease
Yuan, Y., Liu, M., Zhang, S., Lin, Y., Huang, Y., Zhou, H., Xu, X., Zhuang, X., & Liao, X. (2023) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14437 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of a large-scale aptamer proteomics platform among patients with kidney failure on dialysis
Ren, Y., Ruan, P., Segal, M. R., Dobre, M. A., Schelling, J. R., Banerjee, U., Shafi, T., Ganz, P., Dubin, R. F., & the CRIC Study Investigators (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293945 · Cited by 7
Slowing Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Drawz, P. E., Hostetter, T. H., & Rosenberg, M. E. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411602-3.00049-4 · Cited by 4
Health–Related Quality of Life in CKD—Advancing Patient-Centered Research to Transform Patient Care
Powe, N. R. (2016) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04730416 · Cited by 4
Chronic Kidney Disease in Disadvantaged Populations
Madero, M., & Aguilar-Ramirez, D. J. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119105954.ch6 · Cited by 4
Application of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America Heart Failure Staging Guidelines in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Zemke, A. M., Zelnick, L. R., Ix, J. H., Go, A. S., Siew, E. D., & Bansal, N. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.039868 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Diurnal variation of wearable device-based heart rate variability in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study
Skarke, C., Yang, W. C., Sha, D., Lahens, N. F., Isakova, T., Unruh, M. L., Deo, R., Carmona-Powell, E., Holmes, J. H., Ficarra, E., et al. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02010-5 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Urinary Branched-Chain Amino Acid Excretion and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Liu, J.-J., Liu, S., Zheng, H., Wang, C.-P., Debnath, S., Lee, J., Lee, L. S., Ching, J., Tham, M. S., Ang, K., et al. (2025) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db25-0782 · Cited by 3
Risk factors for mortality in patients with kidney failure on hemodialysis identified by proteomic analysis of CRIC and PACE studies
Ren, Y., Segal, M. R., Shafi, T., Pico, A. R., Shin, M., Traglia, M., Li, H., Rosas, S. E., Rincon-Choles, H., Rao, P. S., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66763-z · Cited by 3
Self-citation
The Role of the Chronic Kidney Disease Clinic and Multidisciplinary Team Care
Nataatmadja, M., Graham, J. M., Beaulieu, M., Zalunardo, N., & Levin, A. (2019) · Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-52978-5.00008-2 · Cited by 2
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Improves Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Mediated Neovascularization in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease
Tang, S.-Y., Lee, Y.-C., Tseng, C.-W., Huang, P., Kuo, K., & Tarng, D. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15102380 · Cited by 3
“Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end stage renal disease (ESRD) who have undergone dialysis are at enhanced risk of PAD occurrence compared to the general population [1,2].”
Background
Health-Related Social Needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Novick, T. K., Osuna-Diaz, M., Appel, L. J., Charleston, J. B., Lash, J. P., Meza, N., Cohen, D. L., Allen, A. R., Crews, D. C., & the CRIC Study Investigators (2024) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0000000000000439 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
A Bayesian Joint Model of Longitudinal Kidney Disease Progression, Recurrent Cardiovascular Events, and Terminal Event in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Kürüm, E., Kwan, B., Qian, Q., Banerjee, S., Rhee, C. M., Nguyen, D. V., & Şentürk, D. (2024) · Statistics in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12561-024-09429-6 · Cited by 3
“…by Król We also note that although the interdependencies among CKD progression, CVD and death/ESKD are established in the clinical literature [3, 4] and updated annually in the national report by the NIDDK-USRDS [1], we further motivate the need for joint trivariate modeling of these three key…”
Five‐Year Cumulative Cardiovascular Health and Clinical Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: The CRIC Study
Cao, Q., Bi, Y., Alvarado, F., Anderson, A. H., Mills, K. T., Jaeger, B. C., Chen, J., He, J., Bundy, J. D., Appel, L. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.033001 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Leveraging quantitative systems pharmacology and artificial intelligence to advance treatment of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder
Gawęda, A. E., Brier, M. E., & Lederer, E. D. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2024 · Cited by 3

Authors: Lash, J. P., Go, A. S., Appel, L. J., He, J., Ojo, A., Rahman, M., Townsend, R. R., Xie, D., Cifelli, D., Cohan, J., Fink, J. C., Fischer, M. J., Gadegbeku, C., Hamm, L. L., Kusek, J. W., Landis, J. R., Narva, A., Robinson, N., Teal, V., & Feldman, H. I.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Kaiser Permanente (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Tulane University (US)
University of Michigan (US)
University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Lash, James P.
Rahman, Mahboob
Cohan, Janet
Fischer, Michael J.
Kusek, John W.
Narva, Andrew
ORCID: Lash, James P.
Go, Alan S.
Appel, Lawrence J.
He, Jiang
Ojo, Akinlolu
Rahman, Mahboob
Townsend, Raymond R.
Xie, Dawei
Fink, Jeffrey C.
Fischer, Michael J.
Hamm, L. Lee
Landis, J. Richard
Teal, Valerie
Feldman, Harold I.
Venue: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 4
Issue: 8
Pages: 1302-1311
ISSN: 1555-9041 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00070109
PMC: PMC2723966
OpenAlex: W2160134719
Cited by: 619
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 11.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k24dk002651-10)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5U01DK06102, 5K24DK002651, R01DK072231, K24-DK002651, U01DK060990, 5U01 DK60980, T32DK060455, U01DK060984, U01DK060902, U01DK060980, U01DK060963, U01DK061021, U01DK061028)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024131, RR-05096, UL1RR024989, UL1RR025005, M01RR013987, M01RR016500, M01RR-013987-06, UL1RR024986, M01RR005096, M01 RR-024986, M01RR 16500, M01RR000042)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease progression, risk factors, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, proteinuria, peripheral arterial disease, smoking, quality of life, functional status, CRIC study
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Educational Status, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Proteinuria, Risk Factors, Smoking, Social Class, United States, Disease Progression, Risk Assessment, Patient Selection, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Young Adult

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Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: Baseline Characteristics and Associations with Kidney Function

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