Cited by 113Cancer survivorship and careProstate Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentProstate Cancer Treatment and Research

Prostate cancer: Psychosocial implications and management

Open access
Roth, Andrew J, Weinberger, Mark I, Nelson, Christian J·2008·Future Oncology

Abstract

This review summarizes some of the key psychosocial issues related to prostate cancer, both generally and for an older adult population. It focuses on three main areas: quality-of-life issues, psychosocial implications and management of these psychosocial issues. Broadly, the article presents information on the general background, screening guidelines, common side effects of treatment and current psychiatric and psychological management strategies in prostate cancer. The article addresses the clinical approaches, as well as the complexities that surface when deciding the treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Clinical and future implications are also discussed. © 2008 Future Medicine Ltd.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2217/14796694.4.4.561

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

9 of 47 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Androgen ablation therapy also affects cognitive functioning.

    “Recently, review articles discussing the side effects of androgen ablation therapy have stated that this treatment also impacts cognitive functioning [9, 11].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [9]
    • cites [11] source
  • Premisecitation

    Education and awareness about problems can significantly lower psychological stress.

    “Though there may be considerable variations between the patients’ and urologists’ evaluation of performance status, pain, and pain relief [17], awareness and education about these problems as well as continued attempts to resolve them, or to cope better with them, can significantly reduce psychological stress [18].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] source

      The Discussion reports that preoperative nursing interventions have had a positive effect on anxiety, and the Conclusion calls for further education about the psychological consequences of radical prostatectomy. The paper does not establish that education and awareness themselves significantly reduce psychological stress; it identifies targeted interventions as a goal for future research. (LLM, conf=0.81)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    Reported rates of erectile dysfunction after prostatectomy vary widely, from 29% to 85%.

    “Unfortunately, a wide variation in rates of erectile dysfunction following prostatectomy have been reported in the literature and range from 29 to 85% [23].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [23] source

      The paper discusses widely differing estimates of erectile function after prostatectomy and reports that 85% of its respondents had an erectile-dysfunction problem, but that sample included men treated with surgery or radiation. Its discussion of published post-treatment rates gives a 50–80% range for surgery or radiation together, not a 29–85% range specifically after prostatectomy. The cited copy therefore supports the general point about variation, but not the stated endpoints and population. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    In men aged 40 to 70, there is a significant relationship between erectile dysfunction and depression, with odds ratios ranging from 1.7 to 1.8.

    “In men who range in age from 40 to 70, these researchers found a significant relationship between the presence of ED and depression (ORs ranging from 1.7 to 1.8).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [41] source
    • cites [42] source

      The Results describe men aged 36–82, not an analysis limited to ages 40–70. Searches for depression and odds ratios found no passage reporting an association between erectile dysfunction and depression or ORs of 1.7–1.8; the paper mentions distress but does not establish the claimed relationship. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    Megace has been found helpful for hot flashes.

    “Megace, a synthetic, antineoplastic and progestational drug., has also been found to be helpful [51].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [51] source

      The paper mentions hot flashes as a source of distress in men with prostate cancer, but does not say Megace helps treat them. A reference lists a report about sertraline relieving hot flashes; searches for Megace, megestrol acetate, and hot-flash treatment found no supporting passage. The indexed copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims. 9
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 1
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Hormonal therapy side effects include hot flashes, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, sarcopenia, gynecomastia, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, diabetes risk, cardiovascular disease risk, fatal cardiac events, and possible emotional distress.

    “These side effects include: hot flashes, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, sarcopenia, gynecomastia, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, risk of diabetes, risk of cardiovascular disease and fatal cardiac events as well as possible emotional distress [9–13].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim3 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [9]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [10] source
    • cites [11] source

      The Andropause and Prostate Cancer, Sarcopenia, and Sexual Dysfunction sections support most of the listed effects of hormonal ablation, including hot flashes, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, muscle loss, gynecomastia, reduced sexual desire, erectile difficulties, and depression. The Osteoporosis and Vasomotor Symptoms sections associate cardiovascular effects specifically with estrogen therapy; the cited paper does not establish diabetes risk or fatal cardiac events as side effects of hormonal ablation generally. Page numbers were not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.89)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [12] source

      The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that GnRH agonist therapy was associated with increased risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sudden cardiac death in older men with local or regional prostate cancer. The paper does not substantiate the other listed side effects, such as hot flashes, anemia, sexual dysfunction, or emotional distress; its findings also concern GnRH agonists rather than hormonal therapy generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [13] source

      The Introduction associates androgen suppression therapy with anemia, insulin resistance, and increased diagnoses of cardiac disease. The Discussion reports earlier fatal myocardial infarctions in men aged 65 or older receiving the therapy. Our copy does not substantiate the sentence’s other listed effects, such as hot flashes, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, or emotional distress; no page numbers are available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Erectile dysfunction can result from aging, the cancer itself, surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy.

    “Erectile dysfunction, a complication feared by many men diagnosed with prostate cancer, can occur from aging, the cancer itself, surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy [19].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Radiation therapy may cause less urinary leakage but carries higher risks of urinary voiding difficulties and bowel problems, depending on technique and total dose.

    “Radiation therapy, either conventional or brachytherapy with seed implants, may yield less incidence of urinary leakage; however, there are more risks of urinary voiding difficulties with radiation treatments and difficulties with bowel function depending on factors of technique and total dose delivered [6].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Studies have found that couples in which the male partner reported erectile dysfunction also reported less intimate contact and lower scores on togetherness and tenderness.

    “Preliminary data exists to support these clinical observations; studies have found the couples where the male partner reported ED also reported less intimate contact, and lower scores on togetherness and tenderness within the relationship [43, 44]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [43] source
    • cites [44] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    PSA anxiety can lead to panic symptoms and insomnia, and may be relieved with education, support, and anxiolytic medications if needed.

    “This PSA anxiety [52, 53, 54] can lead to panic symptoms and insomnia, and may be relieved with education, support and anxiolytic medications if needed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [52] source
    • cites [53]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [54] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Penile implants are an effective option, and most patients report very high satisfaction with this treatment.

    “If these treatments are not effective or satisfactory to the patient, penile implants are an effective option and most patients report very high satisfaction with this treatment [38].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [38] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Shabsigh and colleagues found a depression rate of 56% in men with erectile dysfunction, significantly higher than the 21% rate in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

    “Shabsigh and colleagues [40] (1998) found that the rate of depression was extremely high in men with ED (56%) and was significantly higher than in men in the control group with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (21%) [40].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [40] source
  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Estimates of anxiety in men with prostate cancer are around 33%, while depression estimates range from 12% to 15%.

    “Estimates of anxiety in men with prostate cancer have hovered around 33% [54], while depression has been estimated between 12 and 15%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [54] source
  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Fibrosis continues to develop for up to about 3 years after radiation and interferes with the neurovascular bundles and blood vessels needed for erections.

    “However, fibrosis continues to develop up to approximately 3 years past radiation and interferes with the neurovascular bundles and blood vessels adjacent to the prostate necessary for erections [29].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [29] source
9 of 9
  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Men are typically the ones who initiate sexual contact within a relationship.

    “It is a common assumption that men are the ones who initiate sexual contact within a relationship.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Surgery and radiation treatments are equally effective for early-stage prostate cancer.

    “Because surgery and radiation treatments seem to be equally effective in treating early stage prostate cancer, controversy exists about selection of primary treatments for prostate cancer.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The side effects of hormonal therapies are particularly distressing for otherwise asymptomatic men.

    “The side effects of hormonal therapies can be particularly distressing for otherwise asymptomatic men.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Many men seek multiple second opinions, and this adds confusion and distress for some because of lack of agreement among practitioners.

    “Many men entertain multiple second opinions regarding their primary therapy, though this for some men adds to more confusion and distress because of the lack of agreement among practitioners.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Taking in information from reliable and unverified internet sources can lead to significant anxiety during treatment decision-making.

    “They often take in information from reasonable and reliable sources and any number of unverified sources on the internet. This amount of information can lead to significant anxiety while trying to make a reasonable treatment decision.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Fatigue symptoms are particularly upsetting to men who have led active and independent lives.

    “Symptoms of fatigue are particularly upsetting to men who have led active and independent lives.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Older men are often reluctant to take pain medications or dosages adequate to alleviate their pain.

    “Older men are often reluctant to take pain medications or dosages adequate to alleviate their pain.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Men with prostate cancer respond to education and various kinds of brief psychotherapy, including supportive, cognitive-behavioral, and insight-oriented therapies.

    “Men with prostate cancer respond to education and various kinds of brief psychotherapy, including supportive, cognitive-behavioral, and insight-oriented therapies.”
8 of 8

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Any chosen treatment for prostate cancer is likely to cause incontinence, erectile dysfunction, impaired bowel function and fatigue in patients.

    “Although all recommended treatments for prostate cancer take into consideration the age, comorbidities, and probable side effects, any chosen treatment is likely to cause incontinence, erectile dysfunction, impaired bowel function and fatigue in patients.6,7”

    From Mindfulness-based interventions for psychological wellbeing and quality of life in men with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [6]

    The sections on treatment selection and major quality-of-life concerns describe urinary, sexual and bowel effects, as well as fatigue associated with some therapies. They distinguish the effects of different treatments, however, and do not say that any chosen treatment is likely to cause all four problems in a patient. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980515)82:10<1904::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-X · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Roth, A. J., Weinberger, M. I., & Nelson, C. J.
Affiliations
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
Venue
Future Oncology
Published
2008-08-06
Volume
4
Issue
4
Pages
561-568
ISSN
  • 1479-6694 (ISSN-L)
  • 1744-8301
OpenAlex
W2058452247
Cited by
113
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Future Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH073553)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Keywords
prostate cancer, psychosocial problems, quality of life, older adults, prostate cancer screening, treatment side effects, psychiatric management, psychological management, treatment decision-making
MeSH terms
Adenocarcinoma, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Fatigue, Fear, Humans, Erectile Dysfunction, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Pain, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Postoperative Complications, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Neoplasms, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Quality of Life, Urinary Incontinence, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Disease Management

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