The DOI matches its Crossref record; 121 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microglia in ischemic brain injury
Open accessAbstract
Microglia are resident CNS immune cells that are active sensors in healthy brain and versatile effectors under pathological conditions. Cerebral ischemia induces a robust neuroinflammatory response that includes marked changes in the gene-expression profile and phenotype of a variety of endogenous CNS cell types (astrocytes, neurons and microglia), as well as an influx of leukocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells) from the periphery. Many molecules and conditions can trigger a transformation of surveying microglia to microglia of an alerted or reactive state. Here we review recent developments in the literature that relate to microglial activation in the experimental setting of in vitro and in vivo ischemia. We also present new data from our own laboratory demonstrating the direct effects of in vitro ischemic conditions on the microglial phenotype and genomic profile. In particular, we focus on the role of specific molecular signaling systems, such as hypoxia inducible factor-1 and Toll-like receptor-4, in regulating the microglial response in this setting. We then review histological and novel radiological data that confirm a key role for microglial activation in the setting of ischemic stroke in humans. We also discuss recent progress in the pharmacologic and molecular targeting of microglia in acute ischemic stroke. Finally, we explore how recent studies on ischemic preconditioning have increased interest in pre-emptively targeting microglial activation in order to reduce stroke severity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102 · Cited by 53,625
Smyth, G. K. (2004) · Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.2202/1544-6115.1027 · Cited by 11,829
In silico prediction of protein-protein interactions in human macrophages
Souiai, O., Guerfali, F., Ben Miled, S., Brun, C., & Benkahla, A. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-157 · Cited by 10,803
Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response
Tusher, V. G., Tibshirani, R., & Chu, G. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.091062498 · Cited by 10,568
Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827
Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS
Kreutzberg, G. W. (1996) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(96)10049-7 · Cited by 4,396
Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view
Dirnagl, U., Iadecola, C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1999) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01401-0 · Cited by 3,943
ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., Littman, D. R., Dustin, M. L., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1472 · Cited by 3,913
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676
HIF-1α is essential for myeloid cell-mediated inflammation
Cramer, T., Yamanishi, Y., Clausen, B. E., Förster, I., Pawlinski, R., Mackman, N., Haase, V. H., Jaenisch, R., Corr, M., Nizet, V., et al. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00154-5 · Cited by 2,046
Cited by
Innate immunity in the central nervous system
Ransohoff, R. M., & Brown, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci58644 · Cited by 1,034
Role of Microglia in Neurotrauma
Loane, D. J., & Byrnes, K. R. (2010) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2010.07.002 · Cited by 657
Pathogenic mechanisms following ischemic stroke
Khoshnam, S. E., Winlow, W., Farzaneh, M., Farbood, Y., & Moghaddam, H. F. (2017) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-017-2938-1 · Cited by 621
The choreography of neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease
Crotti, A., & Glass, C. K. (2015) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.04.007 · Cited by 276
MicroRNAs mediating CNS inflammation: Small regulators with powerful potential
Su, W., Aloi, M. S., & Garden, G. A. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.003 · Cited by 139
Metadata
- Authors
- Weinstein, J. R., Koerner, I. P., & Möller, T.
- Venue
- Future Neurology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-11-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 227-246
- ISSN
- 1479-6708 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-6971
- OpenAlex
- W2019070297
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 121
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Microglia in ischemic brain injury. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2217/fnl.10.1
- The paper
- Weinstein, J. R., Koerner, I. P., & Möller, T. (2009). Microglia in ischemic brain injury. Future Neurology. https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl.10.1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
