The Egyptian empire in Palestine: A reassessment
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The end of the Middle Bronze Age in the southern Levant is characterized by a large number of destroyed and abandoned archaeological sites.
“The end of the MBA in the southern Levant is characterized by a large number of destroyed and aban- doned archaeological sites (Weinstein 1981(Weinstein , 1991)).”
From Tell Es-Sultan (Jericho): Radiocarbon Results of Short-Lived Cereal and Multiyear Charcoal Samples from the End of the Middle Bronze Age (1995) · cites this paper as Weinstein 1981
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Toffolo, M. B., Arie, E., Martin, M. A. S., Boaretto, E., & Finkelstein, I. (2014) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/56.16899 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“…certain regions of the Levant (including the Jezreel Valley), ended only with the first military campaign of Thutmose III to Canaan and the beginning of Egyptian direct rule there in ~1450 BCE (e.g. Kenyon 1960:194–8; Seger 1975; Redford 1979; Weinstein 1981; Dever 1987; Bietak 1991; Burke 2010).”
BackgroundThe Archaeology of the Bronze Age Levant
Greenberg, R. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781316275993 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Egypt and Canaan during the Middle Bronze Age
Bietak, M. (1991) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1357163 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Date of the Settlement of the Philistines in Canaan
Finkelstein, I. (1995) · Tel Aviv · doi:10.1179/tav.1995.1995.2.213 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Processes of Sedentarization and Nomadization in the History of Sinai and the Negev
Finkelstein, I., & Perevolotsky, A. (1990) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1357210 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…economic difficulties (see Gonen 1984), the desert people could have leaned on the Shephelah and the southern coastal plain, parts of the country close to them that continued to flourish; they could also have depended on the Egyptian centers (Naaman 1982: 174-75, 212; Weinstein 1981; Oren 1985).”
BackgroundDever, W. (1987) · The Biblical Archaeologist · doi:10.2307/3210059 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
THE RISE OF SECONDARY STATES IN THE IRON AGE LEVANT
Joffe, A. H. (2002) · Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient · doi:10.1163/156852002320939311 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“These were in turn under the control of the Egyptian New Kingdom empire, which increasingly assumed direct control of the Levant from its establishment, c. 1500 BCE, until its dissolution c. 1100 BCE (Weinstein 1981).”
BackgroundAnatomy of a Destruction: Crisis Architecture, Termination Rituals and the Fall of Canaanite Hazor
Zuckerman, S. (2006) · Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology · doi:10.1558//jmea.2007.v20i1.3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“…to the wider phenomena of the gradual disintegration of the palace-based system that took place all over the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean during the 13th century bc (Ward and Joukowsky 1992), coupled with the intensification of the Egyptian 19th Dynasty control over Canaan (Weinstein 1981).”
BackgroundFantalkin, A., & Finkelstein, I. (2006) · Tel Aviv · doi:10.1179/tav.2006.2006.1.18 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“An Unfortified Late Bronze Age Site at Gerar: Survey Finds.”
InfluentialKeftiu in Context: Theban Tomb‐paintings as a historical Source
Panagiotopoulos, D. (2001) · doi:10.1111/1468-0092.00134 · Cited by 58
Finkelstein, I., & Langgut, D. (2014) · Journal of Near Eastern Studies · doi:10.1086/677300 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Urban Canaan in the Late Bronze Period
Gonen, R. (1984) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.2307/1356940 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Late Bronze Egyptian Estate at Aphek
Gadot, Y. (2010) · Tel Aviv · doi:10.1179/033443510x12632070179388 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Weinstein argued that during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties Egypt had deepened its involvement in Canaan by deploying administrative and military personal at different locations throughout the country (Weinstein 1981: 17).”
BackgroundThe Hurrians and the End of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine
Na'aman, N. (1994) · Levant · doi:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.175 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The botanical identity and transport of incense during the Egyptian New Kingdom
Serpico, M., & White, R. (2000) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00060531 · Cited by 43
Garfinkel, Y., Hasel, M. G., Klingbeil, M. G., Kang, H.-G., Choi, G., Chang, S.-Y., Hong, S., Ganor, S., Kreimerman, I., & Ramsey, C. B. (2019) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Legacy of Israel in Judah's Bible: History, Politics, and the Reinscribing of Tradition
Fleming, D. (2012) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139163033 · Cited by 37
Conquest or Settlement? The Early Iron Age in Palestine
Fritz, V. (1987) · The Biblical Archaeologist · doi:10.2307/3210090 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Marom, N., & Zuckerman, S. (2012) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2012.06.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“It is also connected to the wider phenomena of the gradual disintegration of the palace-based system that took place all over the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean during the 13th century BC (Ward and Sharp-Jukowsky, 1992), coupled with the intensification of the Egyptian 19th Dynasty control over Canaan (Weinstein…”
Backgroundvan den Brink, E. C. M., Be’eri, R., Kirzner, D., Bron, E., Cohen-Weinberger, A., Kamaisky, E., Gonen, T., Gershuny, L., Nagar, Y., Ben-Tor, D., et al. (2017) · Levant · doi:10.1080/00758914.2017.1368204 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Real and Ideal Identities in Middle Bronze Age Tombs
Hallote, R. S. (2002) · Near Eastern Archaeology · doi:10.2307/3210871 · Cited by 30
Bruins, H. J., & Van Der Plight, J. (1995) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200030666 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The end of the MBA in the southern Levant is characterized by a large number of destroyed and abandoned archaeological sites (Weinstein 1981, 1991). Dever (1992) has reviewed various interpreta-”
BackgroundTransjordan in the Bronze and Iron Ages: A Critique of Glueck's Synthesis
Sauer, J. A. (1986) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1356908 · Cited by 29
Piquette, K. E., & Whitehouse, R. D. (2013) · doi:10.5334/bai · Cited by 27
Garfinkel, Y., Hasel, M., Klingbeil, M., Kreimerman, I., Pytlik, M., Carroll, J. W., Waybright, J., Kang, H.-G., Choi, G., Chang, S.-Y., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Archaeology · doi:10.3764/aja.125.3.0419 · Cited by 26
“Similar fortresses embedded in or near a city wall are known from the EBA and MBA.69 The Lachish fortress is similar in plan to contemporary fortresses at Jericho, Gezer, and Ebla.70 The location 68 Weinstein 1981, 1–10; Ward 1992, 62–63.”
BackgroundThe Palace in the Upper City of Hazor as an Expression of a Syrian Architectural Paradigm
Bonfil, R., & Zarzecki-Peleg, A. (2007) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.1086/basor25067036 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Meaning of Egyptian-Style Objects in the Late Bronze Cemeteries of Tell el-Farʿah (South)
Braunstein, S. L. (2011) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.5615/bullamerschoorie.364.0001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…part of a larger network of Egyptian bases established in Canaan at this time, probably with a pronounced Egyptian administrative and garrison presence in addition to support staff (e.g., Morris 2005: 534–36; Killebrew 2005: 82; Gonen 1984: 69; Weinstein 1981: 18; Oren 1984: 47; Fischer 2011: 208).”
BackgroundInfluentialModeling vegetation dynamics in the Southern Levant through the Bronze Age
Soto‐Berelov, M., Fall, P. L., Falconer, S. E., & Ridder, E. (2015) · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.09.015 · Cited by 24
“A linchpin of Levantine chronology derives from the correlation of the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age with the ascension of Egypt's Twelfth Dynasty, which reestablished centralized government and commercial exchange across the Eastern Mediterranean (e.g., Weinstein, 1981).”
Background<i>Israel</i>in the Merneptah Stela
Hasel, M. G. (1994) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.2307/1357179 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Goose Keeping, Elite Emulation and Egyptianized Feasting at Late Bronze Lachish
Koch, I. (2014) · doi:10.1179/0334435514z.00000000038 · Cited by 23
The Level VI North-East Temple at Tel Lachish
Weissbein, I., Garfinkel, Y., Hasel, M., Klingbeil, M., Brandl, B., & Misgav, H. (2019) · Levant · doi:10.1080/00758914.2019.1695093 · Cited by 22
Prosperity and Decline in LBA Canaan: A Reply to Liebowitz and Knapp
Bieńkowski, P. (1989) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1356881 · Cited by 22
“The Egyptian presence was apparently increased in the 13th century B.C., probably to crack down on more frequent unrest (Weinstein 1981: 14-18).”
BackgroundSpatial and Statistical Inference of Late Bronze Age Polities in the Southern Levant
Savage, S. H., & Falconer, S. E. (2003) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1357838 · Cited by 21
Radiocarbon dating the Late Bronze Age: Cultural and Historical Considerations on Megiddo and Beyond
Martin, M. A. S., Finkelstein, I., & Piasetzky, E. (2020) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.1086/709576 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“9 See, for instance, Kenyon 1960: 195–206; Wright 1961; Seger 1975; Redford 1979: 273; Shea 1979; Weinstein 1981: 1–15, 1991; Bienkowski 1986: 127–28; Hoffmeier 1989, 1990, 1991; Dever 1990, 1992: 12–17, 1997, 1998; Bietak 1991: 57–62; Naʾaman 1994; Bunimovitz 1995: 320–24; Morris 2005: 27–38;…”
Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine: The Late Bronze Age
Léonard, A. (1989) · The Biblical Archaeologist · doi:10.2307/3210180 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…from the Middle Bronze into the Late Bronze I have been suggested at Tell el-Hesi ("Bliss City II") and Tell el-cAjjul (City I, Palace II), presenting us with a feeling of continuity that is difficult to reconcile with the discontinuity apparent at so many other sites (see Weinstein 1981: 1-5).”
BackgroundInfluentialReconsidering Egypt’s Part in the Termination of the Middle Bronze Age in Palestine
Hoffmeier, J. K. (2020) · Levant · doi:10.1080/00758914.1989.12096545 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
McGovern, P., Fleming, S. J., & Swann, C. P. (1993) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1357318 · Cited by 18
Dynamics of Cereal Production at Tell el Ifshar, Israel during the Middle Bronze Age
Chernoff, M., & Paley, S. (1998) · doi:10.1179/009346998792005289 · Cited by 18
Recent radiocarbon results and King Solomon
Finkelstein, I., & Piasetzky, E. (2003) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00061718 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Such anchors exist for the twelfth century BC (late Ramesside finds at sites such as Megiddo and Beth-shean; see, e.g. Weinstein 1981) and for the late eighth century BC (the Assyrian campaigns to Palestine; e.g. Ussishkin 1982).”
BackgroundEgypt and the Middle Bronze IIC/Late Bronze IA Transition in Palestine
Weinstein, J. (1991) · Levant · doi:10.1179/lev.1991.23.1.105 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World
Heijmans, E. D. (2021) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · doi:10.1017/9781108975322 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sivertsen, B. J. (2009) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400829958 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ana Manuku: a prehistoric ritualistic site on Mangaia, Cook Islands
Steadman, D. W., Antón, S. C., & Kirch, P. V. (2000) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x0006052x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Singer, I. (1988) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.2307/1356946 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“From this Alt assumed that a temple of the Egyptian deity Ptah was erected at Ashkelon, comparable to the temple of Amon erected by Ramses III in Gaza (see also Pritchard 1955: 263; cf., however, Helck 1971: 444; Weinstein 1981: 19).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKillebrew, A. E., Goldberg, P., & Rosen, A. (2006) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.1086/basor25066966 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tell Hesban and Vicinity in the Iron Age
Ray, P. J. (2001) · doi:10.2307/1357844 · Cited by 12
Megiddo in the Late Bronze Age-Another Reassessment
Gonen, R. (1987) · Levant · doi:10.1179/lev.1987.19.1.83 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Fischer, P. M. (1999) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.2307/1357613 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Eshel, T., Gilboa, A., Tirosh, O., Erel, Y., & Yahalom‐Mack, N. (2022) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105705 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Aspects of Egyptian Foreign Policy in the 18th Dynasty in Western Asia and Nubia
Hoffmeier, J. K. (2004) · Egypt, Israel, and the Ancient Mediterranean World · doi:10.1163/9789047413691_007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
‘Hyksos’, Egyptian Destructions, and the end of the Palestinian Middle Bronze Age
Dever, W. (1990) · Levant · doi:10.1179/lev.1990.22.1.75 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Manning, S. W. (2024) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2024.44 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The Egyptian conquest of the Hyksos capital of Avaris/Tell el-Dab ‘ a, the extraordinary 2.5 km 2 super-site and engine of the greater region during the SIP (Broodbank 2013: 383 – 386), at the beginning of the New Kingdom marks an important historical bifurcation for the wider East Mediterranean region: the Hyksos-Lev…”
BackgroundInfluentialRodrigues, M., Bos, A., Hoath, R., Schembri, P., Lymberakis, P., Cento, M., Ghawar, W., Ozkurt, S., Santos-Reis, M., Merilä, J., et al. (2016) · Genetica · doi:10.1007/s10709-016-9889-y · Cited by 9
“Bronze Age when the region was under Egyptian control (Weinstein 1981) or later, in the Early Iron Age, as Egypt remained an important destination for Phoenician trade (Ballard et al.”
BackgroundTHE DATE OF THE EXODUS AND THE CONQUEST/SETTLEMENT: THE CASE FOR THE 1100S
Rendsburg, G. A. (1992) · Vetus Testamentum · doi:10.1163/15685330-042-04-06 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Italian-Palestinian Expedition to Tell es-Sultan, Ancient Jericho (1997–2015):
Nigro, L. (2020) · doi:10.2307/j.ctvwh8bss.15 · Cited by 8
Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature
Shirley, J., Kahn, D., & Bar, S. (2011) · doi:10.1163/ej.9789004194939.i-370 · Cited by 8
Bourke, S. (2004) · Journal and proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales · doi:10.5962/p.361517 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This Late New Kingdom dynasty profoundly changed the ways in which the Canaanite empire had been administered previously, being far more inclined to interfere directly in the running of vassal states (Weinstein 1981).”
BackgroundOverland Trade in Northern Sinai: The Evidence of the Late Cypriot Pottery
Bergoffen, C. J. (1991) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.2307/1357194 · Cited by 8
The East Jordan Valley During Iron Age I
Ji, C.-H. C. (1997) · doi:10.1179/peq.1997.129.1.19 · Cited by 8
Palestinian pastoralism and Israel's origins
Thompson, T. (1992) · doi:10.1080/09018329208584979 · Cited by 8
Thareani, Y. (2019) · Journal of anthropology and archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2019.04.002 · Cited by 7
“Canaan Is Your Land and Its Kings Are Your Servants”
Bunimovitz, S. (2018) · The Social Archaeology of the Levant · doi:10.1017/9781316661468.016 · Cited by 7
Colorants in glasses from ancient syro-palestine: Specialized studies using pixe spectrometry
Swann, C. P., McGovern, P., & Fleming, S. J. (1989) · doi:10.1016/0168-583x(89)91059-8 · Cited by 7
An Egyptian "Governor's Residency" at Gezer?
Singer, I. (1986) · doi:10.1179/tav.1986.1986.1.26 · Cited by 7
Egyptian Bronzeworking Practices in Late Bronze Age Canaan
Yahalom-Mack, N. (2015) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.5615/bullamerschoorie.374.0103 · Cited by 6
Migration, Hybridization, and Resistance: Identity Dynamics in the Early Iron Age Southern Levant
Bunimovitz, S., & Lederman, Z. (2015) · doi:10.1017/cho9781139028387.019 · Cited by 5
Re-writing the Script: Decoding the textual experience in the Bronze Age Levant (c.2000–1150 bc)
Sparks, R. (2013) · doi:10.5334/bai.e · Cited by 5
“Examples of both these phenomena have appeared at a handful of locations in the southern Levant, most notably at Beth Shan, Tell el-Oreimeh, Ashdod, at-Turra and Tell es-Shihab (James and McGovern 1993: 249–250; Schulman 1993; Weinstein 1981: 20).”
Greenberg, R. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316275993.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
An Egyptian Mortuary Cult in Late Bronze II Canaan
Nataf, K. C. (2011) · doi:10.1179/033443511x12931017059341 · Cited by 4
“…style art” or “international Late Bronze Age style 1 Frankfort 1970: 270; Liebowitz 1980: 169; 1989: 64; Barnett 1982: 22; Bryan 1996: 76–77; Ziffer 2005: 150; Ben-Tor 2009: 57, 59; on Egypt’s presence, see Weinstein 1981: 18; Oren 1984: 37; Singer 1988: 1; Redford 1992: 193; Killebrew 2004: 309.”
(2010) · doi:10.1515/9783110223583.237 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Wimmer (1993) and also Higginbotham (2000), 45–46.”
Style and Assemblage in Roman Archaeology
Mol, E. M. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198912835.001.0001
Canaanite Reḥob: Tel Reḥov in the Late Bronze Age
Mazar, A., Davidovich, U., & David, A. (2019) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental research · doi:10.1086/703205 · Cited by 3
“…(Tell eṣ-Ṣarem), nestled in the Beth Shean Valley, is probably the largest site established during the Late Bronze Age (LB) I in the southern Levant with no 1 For general treatments of this transition, see, e.g., Weinstein 1981; 1991; Hoffmeier 1989; 1991; Dever 1990; and Bunimovitz 1992; 1994.”
BackgroundSearching History: The Non-Elite in Ancient Egypt
Ambridge, L. (2007) · History Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00418.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Emergence of Israel in Retrospect
Mullins, R. (2015) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04768-3_41 · Cited by 2
Egyptian and egyptian-style pottery at Tel Dan
Martin, M. A. S., & Ben-Dov, R. (2007) · doi:10.1553/aeundl17s191 · Cited by 2
Eshel, T. (2025) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/s10963-025-09191-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
MERNEPTAH ZAFER YAZITINA (İSRAİL STELİ) GÖRE KENAN BÖLGESİNDE MISIR HAKİMİYETİ
YILDIRIM, E. (2025) · Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.33171/dtcfjournal.2025.65.1.16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Revisiting the Late Bronze Age stratigraphy of Tel Lachish
Weissbein, I. (2024) · Levant · doi:10.1080/00758914.2024.2377892 · Cited by 1
“During this period, Egyptian rule in southern Canaan was undermined by a local revolt, as recorded in the Merneptah Stele, which briefly describes an Egyptian campaign to Canaan against the rebel cities of Ashkelon, Gezer and Yeno ‘ am, as well as a group of people called Israel (Morris 2005: 376 – 82, 483, 691 – 92;…”
InfluentialThe Vilification of the Hyksos: A Consideration of the Terminology
Peirce, L. (2024) · Journal of Egyptian History · doi:10.1163/18741665-bja10026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zangani, F. (2022) · Journal of Egyptian History · doi:10.1163/18741665-bja10009 · Cited by 1
On Borders and Expansion: Egyptian Imperialism in the Levant during the Ramesside Period
Xekalaki, G. (2021) · The Heritage · doi:10.3390/heritage4040216 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The letters reflect Egypt’s will to sustain control gained during the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 14th c. BCE (LB IB period) across modern-day Palestine [42] (p. 12) and to maintain a power balance in the Levant together with several Near Eastern states of equal if not more prominent status (Babylon, Mita…”
BackgroundInfluentialUrbanism and Its Demise in the Early Bronze II and III
Greenberg, R. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316275993.004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hybridisation and Cultural Encounters
Knapp, A. B., & van Dommelen, P. (2014) · doi:10.1017/cho9781139028387.050 · Cited by 1
Climate changes during the Holocene in east Asia (China, Korea and Japan)
Issar, A. (2003) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535703.004 · Cited by 1
Climate changes during the Holocene in Africa
Issar, A. (2003) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535703.005 · Cited by 1
A Reassessment of Scientific Evidence for the Exodus and Conquest
Dickin, A. (2025) · Christian Perspectives on Science and Technology · doi:10.58913/nzya6759
Assembling the Iron Age Levant: The Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries
Porter, B. W. (2016) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1007/s10814-016-9093-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In Lebanon, southern Syria, and the rest of the southern Levant, the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties of Egypt’s New Kingdom exercised some control over palace elites (Higginbotham 2000; Morris 2005; Weinstein 1982).”
BackgroundEgypt and the Levant: Networks and Negotiations in the Bronze Age
Mourad, A.-L. (2026) · doi:10.1017/9781009419949
Kleiman, S. (2025) · Levant · doi:10.1080/00758914.2025.2584874
“…after the Egyptians introduced a tighter administrative system, which is most notable in the establishment of key centres, like Gaza and Beth Shean, located on the main route connecting the Empire with the major powers in the north (Martin 2011: 18 – 19; Redford 2000: 6; Weinstein 1981: 17).”
The Iron Age npš and the Utility of Egyptian Comparative Evidence
Thompson, S. M. (2025) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel16091117
Laneri, N., Nigro, L., Miniaci, G., Nicolosi-Asmundo, M., Santamaria, D. F., & Pappalardo, C. (2025) · Open Archaeology · doi:10.1515/opar-2024-0022
“The beginning of Egyptian raids in the region, resulting in an increasing importance of the Egyptian administrative centers during the Amarna period (Burke, 2010; Burke et al., 2017; Bunimovitz, 2019; Hö fl mayer, 2015; Weinstein, 1981).”
Storage Vessels as Indicators of Crisis Management
Bechar, S., Yasur-Landau, A., & Marom, N. (2022) · Tel Aviv · doi:10.1080/03344355.2022.2057026
“…central hill region and in the Jordan Valley were destroyed or abandoned during the MB III, whereas northern Canaan did not suffer such devastation (Weinstein 1981: 10; Bunimovitz 1989: 11–34; Bietak 1991: 58; Mazar 1992: 226–227),1 in a process that is commonly dated to the mid16th century BCE…”
BackgroundHeymans, E. D. (2021) · The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World · doi:10.1017/9781108975322.010
A Study of Iron Age Precious Metal Hoards
Heymans, E. D. (2021) · The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World · doi:10.1017/9781108975322.004
Rethinking the Origins of Money
Heymans, E. D. (2021) · The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World · doi:10.1017/9781108975322.002
Heymans, E. D. (2021) · The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World · doi:10.1017/9781108975322.006
Money in the Iron Age Southern Levant
Heymans, E. D. (2021) · The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World · doi:10.1017/9781108975322.005
Outline of an Approach to Money
Heymans, E. D. (2021) · The Origins of Money in the Iron Age Mediterranean World · doi:10.1017/9781108975322.003
- Authors
- Weinstein, J. M.
- Corresponding author
- Weinstein, James M.
- Venue
- Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1981-01
- Volume
- 241
- Pages
- 1-28
- ISSN
- 0003-097X (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8062
- OpenAlex
- W2325216230
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient Near East History
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Keywords
- Egyptian Empire, Palestine, ancient Egypt, Egyptian-Palestinian relations, ancient Near East, historiography
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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