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Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors

Pargament, Kenneth I., Smith, Bruce W., Koenig, Harold G., Perez, Lisa·1998·Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion

DOI 10.2307/1388152

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Kenneth I. Pargament, Bruce W. Smith, Harold G. Koenig, Lisa Perez, Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Dec., 1998), pp. 710-724

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“It provides a total score of SWB and scores of its three subscales, faith, meaning, and peace;(26) (2) the single items of the QOL linear analog scale assessment (LASA) measuring overall QOL, SWB, and emotional wellbeing (EWB), domains most relevant to this study;(27,28) and (3) the positive Religious Coping Scale (RC…”
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“In contrast, negative religious coping refers to expressing frustration with one ’ s relationship with God or a certain form of spiritual power upon individuals (Pargament et al., 1998).”
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“Although varimax rotation alone would be appropriate because the two factors are uncorrelated (Munro, 2005), oblique (oblimin) rotation was conducted to be able to compare the findings with the original scale in English (Pargament et al., 1998), which reported factor analysis using oblique rotation only.”
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“[24] The concept of RCOPE refers to using cognitive behavioral techniques that help a person cope with difficult and stressful situations in life,[25] which is a multidimensional concept and can leave both positive and negative effects.[26] Therefore, not all RCOPE techniques are useful and not all of them result in a…”
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Lee, S., Choi, E.-J., & Ryu, H. U. (2018) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.017 · Cited by 19
Coping strategies, emotional distress and perceived disease severity in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a mediation analysis.
Tosato, S., Bonetto, C., Zanini, A., Montanari, I., Piccinelli, A., Bixio, R., Rossini, M., Pacenza, G., Cristofalo, D., Fracassi, E., et al. (2023) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac445 · Cited by 18
Adaptive religious coping with experiences of sexual and gender-based violence and displacement
Pertek, S. I. (2024) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feae003 · Cited by 24
Adolescents, well-being and spirituality: insights from a spiritual program
Pandya, S. P. (2015) · International Journal of Children s Spirituality · doi:10.1080/1364436x.2014.999230 · Cited by 18
“In addition, spirituality may be an asset or a coping strategy for dealing with negative life events as well as with psychological concerns (Pargament et al. 1998; Koenig 2010); for example, Hayman et al. (2007) reported that spirituality helped buffer the negative effect of stress on self-esteem.”
Background
Why Did God Make Me this Way? Anger at God in the Context of Personal Transgressions
Grubbs, J. B., & Exline, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164711404200401 · Cited by 19
Psychosocial Problems in Relation to Spiritual Orientation and Religious Coping Among Oncology Muslim Patients
Masat, S., & Koç, Z. (2021) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000922 · Cited by 18
“Negative religious coping may involve viewing problems as punishments from God or the work of the devil.(14) According to Pargament, positive religious coping styles include a secure relationship with God, seeking support from clergy and the congregation, religious help given to others, and religious forgiveness.”
Background
The Role of Spirituality during Suicide Bereavement: A Qualitative Study
Čepulienė, A. A., & Skruibis, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148740 · Cited by 20
“According to the religious coping model, a person can use behaviors, cognitions, emotions, relationships, and virtues related to the sacred domain to cope with complex life events [31,32].”
BackgroundInfluential
Tibetan Buddhist belief and disaster resilience: a qualitative exploration of the Yushu area, China
Sun, L., & Qi, W. (2022) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/disa.12563 · Cited by 18
The role of religious coping to overcome mental distress and anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review
Imran, M. H., Zhihong, Z., & Iqbal, M. (2022) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12327 · Cited by 18
Faith without Answers: The Use of Religion among Cold Case Homicide Survivors
Wellman, A. R. P. (2014) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.69.1.b · Cited by 18
“Amid conflicting research, it tends to be a consistent idea that those individuals with strong religious beliefs and relationships are most likely to embrace those beliefs after trauma and use their faith as a tool for healing (Pargament et al., 1998; Smith et al., 2000).”
Background
Psychological responses and coping strategies after an urban bridge collapse.
Spence, P. R., Nelson, L. D., & Lachlan, K. A. (2009) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765609347544 · Cited by 18
Scriptural Coping: An Empirical Test of Hermeneutic Theory
DeAngelis, R. T., Bartkowski, J. P., & Xu, X. (2018) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12576 · Cited by 19
“Respondents with poor physical health may have derived from scripture a sense that their declining health somehow reflected a form of divine neglect or punishment, which only intensified feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness (Pargament et al. 1998).”
Background
Coping Behaviour, Posttraumatic Growth and Psychological Well-Being in Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse
Walker-Williams, H. J., van Eeden, C., & der Merwe, K. V. (2013) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2013.10820622 · Cited by 22
Suicidal ideation, affective lability, and religion in depressed adults
Baetz, M., & Bowen, R. (2010) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.504202 · Cited by 18
“(b) The Brief RCOPE (Pargament, Smith, Koenig, & Perez, 1998) is an 11-item instrument designed to assess the religious coping methods.”
MethodInfluential
Coping strategies and collective efficacy as mediators between stress appraisal and quality of life among rescue workers.
Prati, G., Pietrantoni, L., & Cicognani, E. (2011) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/2157-3905.1.s.84 · Cited by 18
“Since religious coping strategies are not equally adaptive (Pargament et al., 1998), future studies should consider negative and positive religious coping methods in order to discriminate the effects among rescue workers.”
Background
Bearing the Burden: Deployment Stress Among Army National Guard Chaplains
Besterman‐Dahan, K., Barnett, S. D., Hickling, E. J., Elnitsky, C., Lind, J. D., Skvoretz, J. V., & Antinori, N. (2012) · Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy · doi:10.1080/08854726.2012.723538 · Cited by 19
“Furthermore, these results are consistent with previous suggestions that frequent use of positive religious coping does not indicate an absence of religious struggle; frequent use of religion to cope with stressful events may have both positive and negative elements (Pargament et al., 1998).”
Result
Religious and Spiritual Journeys: Brief Reflections from Mothers and Fathers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Brelsford, G. M., & Doheny, K. K. (2015) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-015-0673-1 · Cited by 22
“Positive religious coping strategies include focusing on God’s love, using religious faith to stop worrying, or concomitantly experiencing feelings of anger toward God and questioning the power of God (Pargament et al. 2000; Pargament et al. 1998).”
Can use of positive religious coping predict greater distress? An examination of Army soldiers on deployment.
Cornish, M. A., Lannin, D. G., Wade, N. G., & Martinez, M. (2017) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000200 · Cited by 20
“There were more missing data (5–7%) for items of the RCOPE (Pargament et al., 1998) because 10 participants did not complete any scale items at T1 and nine participants did not complete any scale items at T2 (no participants omitted this measure at both time points).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Psychosocial and Clinical Well-Being of Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS
Dalmida, S. G., Kraemer, K. R., Ungvary, S., Valerio, E. A. D., Koenig, H. G., & Holstad, M. M. (2018) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2018.01.008 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Psalms 90, 91 and 92 as a means of coping with trauma and adversity
Brown, J. E., & Collicutt, J. (2022) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2021.2021873 · Cited by 17
“the world that is trusting, while negative strategies express a less secure relationship with God, spiritual struggle, and perception of the world as threatening (Pargament et al., 1998).”
Background
Searching for Wholeness Amidst Traumatic Grief: The Role of Spiritual Practices that Reveal Compassion in Embodied, Relational, and Transcendent Ways
Doehring, C. E. (2018) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-018-0858-5 · Cited by 17
“Not as much attention has been given to the role of spiritual practices in coping, such as prayer and attending worship, which are items on Pargament’s widely used Religious Coping Questionnaire (RCOPE; Pargament et al. 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
Deconversion Processes and Quality of Life among Polish Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Social Support
Zarzycka, B., Puchalska‐Wasyl, M. M., & Łysiak, M. (2021) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2021.1946266 · Cited by 18
“, 2000) or maladaptive forms of religious coping (Pargament et al., 1998) may result in higher levels of emotional distress, depression, psychosomatic symptoms, and damaging physical and psychological symptoms.”
Background
Layers of Loss: A Scoping Review and Taxonomy of HD Caregivers’ Spiritual Suffering, Grief/Loss and Coping Strategies
Leidl, B., Fox-Davis, D., Walker, F. O., Gabbard, J., & Marterre, B. (2022) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.09.010 · Cited by 22
Ecological Grief, Religious Coping, and Spiritual Crises: Exploring Eco-Spiritual Grief
Pihkala, P. (2024) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-024-01158-3 · Cited by 31
“There is well-established scholarship on various forms of religious coping (e.g. the RCOPE by Pargament and colleagues; see K. Pargament et al., 1998, 2011) and, to a lesser extent, on spiritual coping (e.g. Charzyńska, 2015; Dunn & Robinson-Lane, 2020).”
A church-based peer-led group intervention for mental illness
Rogers, E. B., & Stanford, M. S. (2015) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1077560 · Cited by 17
Successfully recruiting, surveying, and retaining college students: A description of methods for the risk, religiosity, and Emerging Adulthood Study
Berry, D. M., & Bass, C. P. (2012) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.21498 · Cited by 17
Examining the Validity of the Rush Protocol to Screen for Religious/Spiritual Struggle
Fitchett, G. A., Murphy, P. E., & King, S. D. W. (2017) · Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy · doi:10.1080/08854726.2017.1294861 · Cited by 18
“The negative religious coping subscale of the Brief RCOPE provided the reference standard.”
MethodInfluential
Religion and Spirituality in the Life of Individuals with Paraplegia: Spiritual Journey from Trauma to Spiritual
Şimşir, Z., Boynueğri, S. T., & Dilmaç, B. (2017) · Spiritual Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.12738/spc.2017.1.0023 · Cited by 17
Unexpected death, religious coping and conjugal bereavement outcomes in Africa (Togo)
Kokou-Kpolou, K., Tremblay, J., Moukouta, C. S., Baugnet, L., & Menick, D. M. (2017) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2017.1408578 · Cited by 17
Relationships Between Childhood Interpersonal Trauma, Religious Coping, Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms, and Resilience
Walker, H. E., Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., & Howell, K. H. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260521991883 · Cited by 17
“In the metaanalysis by Ano and Vasconcelles (2005), the studies that used measures of negative religious coping primarily found that depressive symptoms were the outcomes most consistently associated with negative religious coping, whereas PTSS were only identified in two studies in their analysis (Pargament et al., 1…”
BackgroundInfluential
THE IMPACT OF MENTAL HEALTH, SUBJECTIVE HAPPINESS AND RELIGIOUS COPING ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF NURSING STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Albani, E. N., Strakantouna, E., Вус, В., Bakalis, N., Papathanasiou, I. V., & Fradelos, Ε. C. (2022) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek202203120 · Cited by 19
“In the fourth section we assessed religious coping with the Brief Religious Coping inventory (B-RCOPE) (two score Positive Religious Coping (PRC) and Negative Religious Coping (NRC) styles) [15,16].”
Method

Authors: Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L.
ORCID: Smith, Bruce W.
Koenig, Harold G.
Venue: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
Publisher: JSTOR
Published: 1998-12
Volume: 37
Issue: 4
Pages: 710
ISSN: 0021-8294 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/1388152
OpenAlex: W38293527
Cited by: 2,425
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 104 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 124 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 117
FWCI: 12.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords: religious coping, positive religious coping, negative religious coping, religion and mental health

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Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors

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