The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Are Trophic Cascades All Wet? Differentiation and Donor‐Control in Speciose Ecosystems
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Food Webs: Linkage, Interaction Strength and Community Infrastructure
Paine, R. T. (1980) · The Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.2307/4220 · Cited by 1,824
Ecology of a Grazing Ecosystem: The Serengeti
McNaughton, S. J. (1985) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1942578 · Cited by 1,367
Complex Trophic Interactions in Deserts: An Empirical Critique of Food-Web Theory
Polis, G. A. (1991) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285208 · Cited by 1,041
Cited by
EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: A CONSENSUS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
Hooper, D. U., Chapin, F. S., Ewel, J. J., Hector, A., Inchausti, P., Lavorel, S., Lawton, J. H., Lodge, D. M., Loreau, M., Naeem, S., et al. (2005) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/04-0922 · Cited by 8,046
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges
Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J. P., Hector, A., Hooper, D. U., Huston, M. A., Raffaelli, D., Schmid, B., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1064088 · Cited by 4,649
Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator-prey interactions
Preisser, E. L., Bolnick, D. I., & Benard, M. F. (2005) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/04-0719 · Cited by 1,840
Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature.
McCann, K., Hastings, A., & Huxel, G. R. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27427 · Cited by 1,657
Nutritional constraints in terrestrial and freshwater food webs
Elser, J. J., Fagan, W. F., Denno, R. F., Dobberfuhl, D. R., Folarin, A., Huberty, A., Interlandi, S., Kilham, S. S., McCauley, E., Schulz, K. L., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35046058 · Cited by 1,645
Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems
Pace, M. L., Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., & Kitchell, J. F. (1999) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01723-1 · Cited by 1,478
Cascading Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean
Myers, R. A., Baum, J. K., Shepherd, T. D., Powers, S. P., & Peterson, C. H. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138657 · Cited by 1,379
Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems
Gallardo, B., Clavero, M., Sánchez, M. I., & Vilà, M. (2016) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13004 · Cited by 1,245
Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Ecosystem
Frank, K. T., Petrie, B., Choi, J. S., & Leggett, W. C. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1113075 · Cited by 1,205
Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait‐mediated indirect interactions
Schmitz, O. J., Krivan, V., & Ovadia, O. (2004) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00560.x · Cited by 1,081
The functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems: incorporating trophic complexity
Duffy, J. E., Cardinale, B. J., France, K. E., McIntyre, P. B., Thébault, E., & Loreau, M. (2007) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01037.x · Cited by 1,065
Trophic Cascades in Terrestrial Systems: A Review of the Effects of Carnivore Removals on Plants
Schmitz, O. J., Hambäck, P. A., & Beckerman, A. P. (2000) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/303311 · Cited by 981
A cross‐ecosystem comparison of the strength of trophic cascades
Shurin, J. B., Borer, E. T., Seabloom, E. W., Anderson, K., Blanchette, C. A., Broitman, B., Cooper, S. D., & Halpern, B. S. (2002) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00381.x · Cited by 973
Cascading top-down effects of changing oceanic predator abundances
Baum, J. K., & Worm, B. (2009) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01531.x · Cited by 932
Sea Otters and Kelp Forests in Alaska: Generality and Variation in a Community Ecological Paradigm
Estes, J. A., & Duggins, D. O. (1995) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/2937159 · Cited by 798
Top Predators as Conservation Tools: Ecological Rationale, Assumptions, and Efficacy
Sergio, F., Caro, T., Brown, D., Clucas, B., Hunter, J., Ketchum, J., McHugh, K., & Hiraldo, F. (2008) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173545 · Cited by 670
Biodiversity and ecosystem function: the consumer connection
Duffy, J. E. (2002) · Oikos · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990201.x · Cited by 653
Peckarsky, B. L., Abrams, P. A., Bolnick, D. I., Dill, L. M., Grabowski, J. H., Luttbeg, B., Orrock, J. L., Peacor, S. D., Preisser, E. L., Schmitz, O. J., et al. (2008) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/07-1131.1 · Cited by 527
“Trophic cascades, the indirect effect of predators on plants mediated by herbivores (Paine 1980, Strong 1992, Polis et al. 2000), provide excellent textbook examples of how indirect effects propagate in communities via consumption of prey by predators.”
BackgroundBiodiversity loss, trophic skew and ecosystem functioning
Duffy, J. E. (2003) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00494.x · Cited by 516
Insectivorous Birds Increase Growth of White Oak through Consumption of Leaf-Chewing Insects
Marquis, R. J., & Whelan, C. J. (1994) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1941605 · Cited by 436
THE INFLUENCE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION ON PREY SUPPRESSION AND PREY RELEASE: A META-ANALYSIS
Vance-Chalcraft, H. D., Rosenheim, J. A., Vonesh, J. R., Osenberg, C. W., & Sih, A. (2007) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/06-1869.1 · Cited by 247
Crowder, D. W., & Jabbour, R. (2014) · Biological Control · doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.10.010 · Cited by 204
Role of Crab Herbivory in Die‐Off of New England Salt Marshes
HOLDREDGE, C., BERTNESS, M. D., & ALTIERI, A. H. (2009) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01137.x · Cited by 178
WILLOW ON YELLOWSTONE'S NORTHERN RANGE: EVIDENCE FOR A TROPHIC CASCADE?
Beyer, H. L., Merrill, E. H., Varley, N., & Boyce, M. S. (2007) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/06-1254.1 · Cited by 142
Pyramids and cascades: a synthesis of food chain functioning and stability
Barbier, M., & Loreau, M. (2019) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13196 · Cited by 112
Phaeocystis blooming enhanced by copepod predation on protozoa: evidence from incubation experiments
Hansen, F., Reckermann, M., Klein Breteler, W., & Riegman, R. (1993) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps102051 · Cited by 98
Gonzalez, A., Mouquet, N., & Loreau, M. (2009) · Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547951.003.0010 · Cited by 92
Douglass, J. G., Duffy, J. E., & Bruno, J. F. (2008) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01175.x · Cited by 90
Hobbs, N. T., Johnston, D. B., Marshall, K. N., Wolf, E. C., & Cooper, D. J. (2024) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1002/ecm.1598 · Cited by 52
Food web structure and the strength of transient indirect effects
Fox, J. W., & Olsen, E. (2000) · Oikos · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900202.x · Cited by 23
The strength of the Yellowstone trophic cascade after wolf reintroduction
Ripple, W. J., Beschta, R. L., Wolf, C., Painter, L. E., & Wirsing, A. J. (2025) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03428 · Cited by 25
Wolves, elk and willow on Yellowstone National Park's northern range
Beyer, H. L. (2006) · University of Alberta Library · doi:10.7939/r3-8j39-hy05 · Cited by 21
Novaro, A. J., Funes, M. C., & Jiménez, J. E. (2004) · The Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515562.003.0015 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Strong, D. R.
- Venue
- Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-06
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 747-754
- ISSN
- 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9170
- OpenAlex
- W2092590782
- Cited by
- 1,091
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 29.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
