The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Density Dependence in the Evolution of Populations of Newspaper Organizations
Abstract
A model of density dependence is proposed to explain regularities in the growth and decline of organizational populations. Density -the number of organizations is assumed to be a function of the social processes of legitimation and competition. At low density, the model predicts that the legitimation process will dominate and will lead to high organizational founding rates and low organizational mortality rates. At high levels of density, competition will dominate, and consequently founding rates will decline and mortality rates will rise. The model is tested with hazard function models using data from nine newspaper populations spanning the 19th and 20th centuries and covering over 5200 newspapers. Analysis offounding rates provides strong empirical support for the model. Analysis of mortality rates reveals that the model holds for large populations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226550 · Cited by 28,308
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (2004) · Advances in Strategic Management · doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17011-1 · Cited by 25,802
Structural inertia and organizational change
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1984) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095567 · Cited by 7,244
Self-citationBMDP Statistical Software 1981.
Bubolz, T. A., & Dixon, W. J. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288308 · Cited by 5,221
Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems
Braito, R., & Scott, W. R. (1988) · Teaching Sociology · doi:10.2307/1318172 · Cited by 5,192
Social Structure and Organizations
Stinchcombe, A. L. (2004) · Advances in Strategic Management · doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17019-6 · Cited by 4,347
The liability of newness: age dependence in organizational death rates
Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1983) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094928 · Cited by 1,700
Self-citationOrganizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality.
Clark, D. L., Meyer, J. W., & Scott, W. R. (1985) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393114 · Cited by 1,687
Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness
Singh, J. V., Tucker, D. J., & House, R. J. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392787 · Cited by 1,321
Social Dynamics: Models and Methods.
Bye, B. V., Hennessey, J. C., Tuma, N. B., & Hannan, M. T. (1985) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288506 · Cited by 1,062
Self-citation
Cited by
Sustainable competitive advantage: combining institutional and resource-based views
Oliver, C. (1997) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199710)18:9<697::aid-smj909>3.0.co;2-c · Cited by 2,852
Cultural entrepreneurship: stories, legitimacy, and the acquisition of resources
Lounsbury, M., & Glynn, M. A. (2001) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.188 · Cited by 2,329
Imprinting: Toward a Multilevel Theory
Marquis, C., & Tilcsik, A. (2013) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2013.766076 · Cited by 1,576
Westphal, J. D., Gulati, R., & Shortell, S. M. (1997) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393924 · Cited by 1,457
To be different, or to be the same? It’s a question (and theory) of strategic balance
Deephouse, D. L. (1999) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199902)20:2<147::aid-smj11>3.0.co;2-q · Cited by 1,304
Metadata
- Authors
- Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T.
- Venue
- American Sociological Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1989-08
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 524
- ISSN
- 0003-1224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998871475
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 20.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Density Dependence in the Evolution of Populations of Newspaper Organizations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2095875
- The paper
- Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1989). Density Dependence in the Evolution of Populations of Newspaper Organizations. American Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095875
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
