Cited by 1,013Economic Theory and PolicyEconomic theories and modelsEconomic Theory and Institutions

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The Irrelevance of Equilibrium Economics

Kaldor, Nicholas·1972·The Economic Journal

DOI 10.2307/2231304

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/2231304

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,000

The Link between Self‐ and Societal Interests in Theory and Practice
Lin‐Hi, N., & Blumberg, I. (2012) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/j.1740-4762.2012.01025.x · Cited by 25
The Empirical Progressiveness of the General Equilibrium Research Program
Diamond, A. M. (1988) · History of Political Economy · doi:10.1215/00182702-20-1-119 · Cited by 21
The Marketing System and the Environment
Glaser, S. (1985) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/eum0000000004740 · Cited by 21
Knowledge flows and social capital : a network perspective on rural innovation
Arora, S. (2009) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20090212sa · Cited by 19
Competitiveness and Industrial Policy: From Rationalities of Failure Towards the Ability to EvolvePreprint
Peneder, M. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2714941 · Cited by 21
A Reconsideration of the Theory of Non-Linear Scale Effects
Lipsey, R. G. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108555029 · Cited by 20
‘Universal opulence’: Adam Smith on technical progress and real wages
Aspromourgos, T. (2010) · European Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1080/09672567.2010.522241 · Cited by 20
Path Dependency and Demand—Supply Interactions in Macroeconomic Analysis
Arestis, P., & Sawyer, M. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230251090_1 · Cited by 21
Markets and organizations as coherent systems of innovation
Amendola, M., & Gaffard, J. (1994) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/0048-7333(94)90013-2 · Cited by 20
Cumulative Causation and Industrial Evolution: Kaldor’s Four Stages of Industrialization as an Evolutionary Model
Argyrous, G. (1996) · Journal of Economic Issues · doi:10.1080/00213624.1996.11505768 · Cited by 20
Some econometric issues in measuring the monetary transmission mechanism, with an application to developing countries
Boyd, D., & Smith, R. P. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511492488.005 · Cited by 20
Regional development and policy
Scott, P. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521820387.014 · Cited by 20
Is the Theory of Competitive Equilibrium With It
Koopmans, T. (1974) · American Economic Review · Cited by 20
Regionalism, Political Risk and Capital Market Segmentation in International Asset Pricing
Heaney, R. A., & Hooper, V. J. (2001) · Journal of Economic Integration · doi:10.11130/jei.2001.16.3.299 · Cited by 20
The transmission mechanism of monetary policy near zero interest rates: the Japanese experience, 1998–2000
Ueda, K. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511492488.007 · Cited by 20
GROWTH AND THE TERMS OF TRADE: A KALDORIAN TWO SECTOR MODEL(*)
Targetti, F. (1985) · Metroeconomica · doi:10.1111/j.1467-999x.1985.tb00404.x · Cited by 20
DISEQUILIBRIUM MARKET ADJUSTMENT: MARSHALL REVISITED
Davidson, P. J. (1974) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1974.tb00235.x · Cited by 20
Currie's ‘leading sector’ strategy of growth: an appraisal
Chandra, R. (2006) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220380600576391 · Cited by 19
“Similarly, Kaldor ( 1972 : 1237) spoke of ‘equilibrium economics’ as being ‘barren and irrelevant as an apparatus of thought to deal with the manner of operation of economic forces, or as an instrument for non-trivial predictions concerning the effects of economic changes, whether induced by political action or other…”
Capabilities and investment in R&D: An analysis on European data
Bogliacino, F., & Cardona, S. G. (2014) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2014.09.001 · Cited by 19
Long-run Equilibrium in Urban Housing-A Note
Whitehead, C., & Odling‐Smee, J. (1975) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420987520080581 · Cited by 19
The governance of localized knowledge externalities
Antonelli, C., Patrucco, P. P., & Quatraro, F. (2008) · International Review of Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/02692170802137661 · Cited by 19
“The case for economic divergence rather than convergence applies (Kuznets 1930, 1950, 1977; Kaldor, 1972, 1975, 1978 and 1989, 90–99).”
Background
The Conditional Convergence Properties of Simple Kaldorian Growth Models
Roberts, M. A. (2007) · International Review of Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/02692170701474678 · Cited by 19
“Thus, the former adopts an axiomatic-deductive approach to modelling, whilst the latter stresses the importance of realistic, or, what Kaldor (1972) , termed, "scientific", assumptions in modelling.”
Background
The Mechanization of Reaping in Nineteenth-Century Ontario: A Case Study of the Pace and Causes of the Diffusion of Embodied Technical Change
Pomfret, R. (1976) · The Journal of Economic History · doi:10.1017/s0022050700081742 · Cited by 19
Economic crisis and institutional change : the crisis of Fordism from the perspective of the automobile industry
Dankbaar, B. (1993) · doi:10.26481/dis.19930219bd · Cited by 19
The Crisis of Economics
Gallegati, M. (2018) · New economic windows · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93858-5_2 · Cited by 18
Marx on division of labour, mechanization and technical progress
Ricoy, C. J. (2003) · European Journal of the History of Economic Thought · doi:10.1080/0967256032000043797 · Cited by 18
Disintegrative Tendencies in Global Political Economy
Gills, B. K., Gray, K., & Patomäki, H. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315159799 · Cited by 18
Returns to scale: concept, estimation and analysis of Japan's turbulent 1964-88 economy
Diewert, W. E., Nakajima, T., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, E., & Nakamura, M. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5982.2011.01640.x · Cited by 18
Evolutionary Biology and Evolutionary Economics
Khalil, E. L. (1997) · Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics · doi:10.1177/02601079x9700800401 · Cited by 18
Intel's XL Permit: A Framework for EvaluationPreprint
Boyd, J. W., Krupnick, A., & Mazurek, J. (1998) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.10666 · Cited by 18
Knowledge externalities and demand pull: The European evidence
Antonelli, C., & Gehringer, A. (2015) · Economic Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ecosys.2015.03.001 · Cited by 17
China‘s energy industrial revolution
Mathews, J. A., & Tan, H. (2014) · Carbon Management · doi:10.4155/cmt.13.68 · Cited by 17
The root cause of economic growth under capitalism
Joffe, M. (2011) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/beq054 · Cited by 17
Path Dependence, Equilibrium and Economic Growth
Dutt, A. K. (2009) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230251090_4 · Cited by 17
Failure followed by success or success followed by failure? A re-examination of British economic growth since 1949
Kitson, M. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521820387.003 · Cited by 17
Adam Smith and Competitive Equilibrium
Chandra, R. (2004) · Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review · doi:10.14441/eier.1.57 · Cited by 17
The economics of New Labour: policy and performance
Kitson, M., & Wilkinson, F. (2007) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bem045 · Cited by 17
The performance of manufacturing
Broadberry, S. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521820387.004 · Cited by 17
Regionalism, Political Risk and Capital Market Segmentation in International Asset PricingPreprint
Hooper, V. J., & Heaney, R. A. (2001) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.255176 · Cited by 17
“It can be argued that all investment decisions are m within an arena of disequilibrium caused by the uncertainty associated with f government policy and the state of the nation [Kaldor (1972)].”
Classical Economics
Blaug, M. (1987) · The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics · doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_99-1 · Cited by 17
Permanent scars: The effects of wages on productivity
Fontanari, C., & Palumbo, A. (2022) · Metroeconomica · doi:10.1111/meca.12413 · Cited by 16
New evidence on Allyn Young’s style and influence as a teacher
Sandilands, R. J. (1999) · Journal of Economic Studies · doi:10.1108/01443589910302083 · Cited by 16
Desarrollo regional y emprendimiento: evidencia para Colombia
Peralta, J. D. (2019) · El Trimestre Económico · doi:10.20430/ete.v86i342.656 · Cited by 16
Does investment cause growth? a test of an endogenous demand-driven theory of growth applied to India 1950-96
Sandilands, R. J., & Chandra, R. (2003) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · Cited by 16
The Measurement of Business Capital, Income and Performance
Diewert, W. E. (2005) · Cited by 16
INFORMATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS
Holcombe, R. G. (2004) · Advances in Austrian economics · doi:10.1016/s1529-2134(03)06011-3 · Cited by 16
The dynamics of value, price and profit
Walker, R. M. (1988) · Capital & Class · doi:10.1177/030981688803500110 · Cited by 16
Increasing returns: Competing for customers in the global market
Vandermerwe, S. (1997) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/s1090-9516(97)90016-x · Cited by 15
The Effects of the Financial System and Financial Crises on Global Growth and the Environment
Anger-Kraavi, A., & Barker, T. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137446138_5 · Cited by 15
Money, Credit, and Prices in a Kaldorian Macro Model
Palley, T. I. (1991) · Journal of Post Keynesian Economics · doi:10.1080/01603477.1991.11489892 · Cited by 15
Endogenous Firm Dynamics and Labor Flows via Heterogeneous Agents ✶ ✶Support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the National Science Foundation (0738606), the Small Business Administration (SBAHQ-05-Q-0018), and the Mercatus Center at George Mason is gratefully acknowledged. I have no relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this paper or the associated model. Earlier versions of this work were presented at research institutions (Aix-en-Provence, Arizona State, Brookings, Carnegie Mellon, Emory, Esalen, Essex, George Mason, Georgia, Georgia Tech, James Madison, Leicester, Leiden, Limerick, Nanyang Technological University, New School for Social Research, Office of Financial Research, Oxford, Queen Mary and Westfield, Sant' Anna (Pisa), Santa Fe Institute, Turino) and conferences (Eastern Economic Association, INFORMS, Society for Computational Economics, Southern Economic Association) where comments from attendees yielded significant improvements. For helpful feedback on the manuscript I am grateful to Zoltan Acs, Luis Amaral, Brian Arthur, David Audretsch, Bob Axelrod, Bob Ayres, Eric Beinhocker, Margaret Blair, Pete Boettke, David Canning, Kathleen Carley, John Chisholm, Alex Coad, Herbert Dawid, Art DeVany, Bill Dickens, Kathy Eisenhardt, Joshua Epstein, Doyne Farmer, Rich Florida, Duncan Foley, Xavier Gabaix, Chris Georges, Herb Gintis, Joe Harrington, John Holland, Stu Kauffman, Steve Kimbrough, Paul Kleindorfer, Blake LeBaron, Axel Leijonhufvud, Bob Litan, Francesco Luna, Jim March, Michael Maouboussin, Greg McRae, Benoit Morel, Scott Moss, Paul Omerod, J. Barkley Rosser Jr., Martin Shubik, Gene Stanley, Dan Teitelbaum, Leigh Tesfatsion, Sid Winter and several people who are no longer with us: Per Bak, Michael Cohen, Ben Harrison, Steve Klepper, Sam Kotz, and Benoit Mandelbrot. The late Herb Simon inspired and encouraged the work. Anna Nelson and Omar Guerrero each advanced the work through their Ph.D. dissertations. Thanks are due Miles Parker and Gabriel Balan for implementing the model in Java, first in Ascape and then in Mason. Errors are my own.
Axtell, R. (2018) · Handbook of Computational Economics · doi:10.1016/bs.hescom.2018.05.001 · Cited by 13
The principle of circular and cumulative causation: Myrdal, Kaldor and contemporary heterodox political economy
O’Hara, P. A. (2009) · eSpace (Curtin University) · doi:10.4324/9780203873731-12 · Cited by 14
“Kaldor (1972, 1975, 1980) recognised the importance of history and time, especially investment demand being embodied in scaled economies and regimes of accumulation.”
Background
What can econophysics contribute to financial economics?
Schınckus, C. (2011) · International Review of Economics · doi:10.1007/s12232-011-0115-z · Cited by 14
La fonction de productivité de Sylos Labini : aspects théoriques et empiriques
Corsi, M., & Guarini, G. (2007) · Revue d économie industrielle · doi:10.4000/rei.1603 · Cited by 14
Financial economics: objects and methods of science
Andrikopoulos, A. A. (2012) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bes027 · Cited by 14
Ecosystem Service Indicators
Reeth, W. V. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-419964-4.00004-4 · Cited by 14
Kaldor on growth
Hahn, F. H. (1989) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035090 · Cited by 14
Blaug's Economic Methodology
Hands, D. W. (1984) · Philosophy of the Social Sciences · doi:10.1177/004839318401400108 · Cited by 14
“For similar statements regarding the empirical standing of neoclassical economics generally, and GE particularly, see Coddington (1972) and (1975), Handler (1980a) and (1980b), Hausman (1981), Hutchison (1976), Kaldor (1972), Latsis (1976a), and Rosenberg (1980).”
Background
Effects of infrastructure on regional income in the era of globalization: New evidence from South Asia
Lundsgaarde, E., & Ghosh, B. (2006) · Asia-Pacific development journal · doi:10.18356/a8de85db-en · Cited by 14
“Generally, unequal distribution of basic infrastructure facilities across different regions within South Asia may be so pervasive as to nullify the operation of the law of diminishing returns in the neo-classical sense (Kaldor, 1972).”
Background
GROWTH MODELS AS DIFFUSION PROCESSES
Streissler, E. W. (1979) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb02604.x · Cited by 14
Knowledge, Innovation and EconomyPreprint
Kwaśnicki, W. (1996) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 14
Talking About Joan Robinson: Geoff Harcourt in Conversation with John King
Harcourt, G. C., & King, J. E. (1995) · Review of Social Economy · doi:10.1080/00346769500000002 · Cited by 13
Mit jelez a tulajdonosi szerkezet? – A tulajdonosi szerkezet és a vállalkozások teljesítményének kapcsolata információs aszimmetriák mellett a magyarországi kockázatitőke-befektetések tükrében
Fazekas, B., & Becsky‐Nagy, P. (2019) · Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review · doi:10.14267/veztud.2019.07.03 · Cited by 13
The past, present and future of evolutionary macroeconomics
Sawyer, M. (2020) · Review of Evolutionary Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s43253-020-00003-6 · Cited by 13
“Some of the arguments on ‘lock-in’ effects and increasing returns find strong echoes in the notion of cumulative causation (followingMyrdal 1957; Kaldor 1972) whereby there are self-reinforcing and cumulative processes through which ‘success breed success and failure breeds failure’. Particularly applied to regional a…”
Background
Planning horizons as an ordinal entropic measure of organization
Jennings, F. B. (2016) · The Journal of Philosophical Economics · doi:10.46298/jpe.10695 · Cited by 13
Why development is more complex than growth: clarifying some confusions
Hosseini, H. (2003) · Review of Social Economy · doi:10.1080/0034676032000050329 · Cited by 13
“Thus, once again, it seems obvious that development requires more than the positive change of real domestic output (Kaldor 1972).”
Background
Balancing the management control package of small, rapidly growing firms in turbulent environments
Nilsson, A. (2010) · International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business · doi:10.1504/ijesb.2010.034429 · Cited by 16
“The notion of a general equilibrium implies the assumption that the operation of economic forces is constrained by exogenous variables which are given from the outside and stable over time (e.g., Kaldor, 1972).”
Background
Neoclassical empirical evidence on employment and production laws as artefact
Lavoie, M. (2008) · Economía Informa · Cited by 13
Allyn Young revisited
Chandra, R. (2003) · Journal of Economic Studies · doi:10.1108/01443580310455269 · Cited by 13
On the Keynesian notion of equilibrium and dynamics
Ertürk, K. A. (1996) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a013621 · Cited by 13
Money and monetary policy since 1945
Howson, S. K. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521820387.007 · Cited by 13
An Integrated Model of Cumulative Growth: Empirical Evidence for Nine OECD Countries, 1960‐1990
Pini, P. (1996) · Labour · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00080.x · Cited by 13
Harrod and Keynes: Increasing Returns, The Theory of Employment and Dynamic Economics
Kregel, J. (1985) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17972-5_3 · Cited by 14
Technological Dualism in Late Industrializers: On Theory, History, and Policy
Félix, D. (1974) · The Journal of Economic History · doi:10.1017/s0022050700079717 · Cited by 13
Competition, Productive Capabilities and Structural Transformation in South Africa
Mondliwa, P., Goga, S., & Roberts, S. (2021) · European Journal of Development Research · doi:10.1057/s41287-020-00349-x · Cited by 12
“By comparison, bringing production back-in requires starting from the objective of building shared productive capabilities, generating competition and recognising the creative functions of markets (Arndt 1988; Kaldor 1972; Budzinski and Beigi 2015).”
Background
The Kaldor–Verdoorn law at the age of robots and AI
Borsato, A., & Lorentz, A. (2023) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2023.104873 · Cited by 13
Evolutionary Growth Theory
Metcalfe, J. S., & Foster, J. (2010) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849805582.00009 · Cited by 12
Teorias do comércio internacional: um debate sobre a relação entre crescimento econômico e inserção externa
Lima, U. M. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1590/s0101-31572012000200004 · Cited by 12
“Em seus trabalhos, Kaldor (1972, 1977, 1981) elabora sua crítica à ortodoxia econômica, no campo do comércio internacional, concentrando-se basicamente em três de suas hipóteses fundamentais, quais sejam: existência de funções de produção iguais e conhecidas para todos os agentes, ou seja, a…”
BackgroundInfluential
Consistency and incompleteness in general equilibrium theory
Landini, S., Gallegati, M., & Rosser, J. B. (2018) · Journal of Evolutionary Economics · doi:10.1007/s00191-018-0580-6 · Cited by 12
Learning, innovation, increasing returns and resource creation: Luigi Pasinetti’s ‘original sin’ of, and call for a post-classical, economics
Pitelis, C. N. (2016) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bew011 · Cited by 12
Economic policy
Tomlinson, J. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521820387.009 · Cited by 12
How Important is the Spatial Diffusion of Innovations in Explaining Regional Growth Rate Disparities?
McCombie, J. S. L. (1982) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/00420988220080601 · Cited by 12
Solovian and New Growth Theory from the Perspective of Allyn Young on Macroeconomic Increasing Returns
Sandilands, R. J. (2009) · History of Political Economy · doi:10.1215/00182702-2009-028 · Cited by 12
Returns to Scale and Marshallian Economics
Hart, N. (1991) · History of Economics Review · doi:10.1080/10370196.1991.11733090 · Cited by 12
Does Trade Openness Favour or Hinder Industrialization and Development
Shafaeddin, M. (2006) · Cited by 12
Risk and the Role of Failed Expectations in an Uncertain World
Williams, E. E., & Findlay, M. C. (1986) · Journal of Post Keynesian Economics · doi:10.1080/01603477.1986.11489598 · Cited by 12
CAPITAL BUDGETING, COST OF CAPITAL AND EX ANTE STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
Williams, E. E., & Findlay, M. C. (1979) · Journal of Business Finance & Accounting · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5957.1979.tb01107.x · Cited by 12
Endogenous Technical Change in Alternative Theories of Growth and Distribution
Tavani, D., & Zamparelli, L. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119483328.ch6 · Cited by 12
Nicholas Kaldor on Adam Smith and Allyn Young
Chandra, R. (2019) · Review of Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09538259.2019.1685798 · Cited by 11
Value Capture from Organizational Advantages and Sustainable Value Creation
Pitelis, C. N. (2009) · Cited by 11
The internal dynamic of Indian economic growth
Balakrishnan, P., Das, M., & Parameswaran, M. (2017) · Journal of Asian Economics · doi:10.1016/j.asieco.2017.03.002 · Cited by 11
CONTRIBUTION OF SERVICES TO ECONOMIC GROWTH: KALDOR’S FIFTH LAW?
Giovanini, A., & Arend, M. (2017) · RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie · doi:10.1590/1678-69712017/administracao.v18n4p190-213 · Cited by 11
Contextual political economy, not Whig economics
Bagchi, A. K. (2013) · Cambridge Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/cje/bet041 · Cited by 11
The Morality of Risk Modeling
Scordis, N. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1220-y · Cited by 11
A failed experiment: the state ownership of industry
Hannah, L. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/chol9780521820387.005 · Cited by 11
Endogenous money, increasing returns and economic growth: Nicholas Kaldor’s contribution
Colacchio, G., & Davanzati, G. F. (2017) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2017.04.003 · Cited by 11
A theory of planning horizons (1): market design in a post-neoclassical world
Jennings, F. B. (2012) · The Journal of Philosophical Economics · doi:10.46298/jpe.10621 · Cited by 11
The Flute Factory: An Empirical Measurement of the Effect of the Division of Labor on Productivity and Production Cost
West, A. (1999) · The American Economist · doi:10.1177/056943459904300109 · Cited by 11
Explaining the Euro's initial decline
Arestis, P., Mariscal, I. B., Brown, A., & Sawyer, M. (2002) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 11
Macromarketing and International Trade: Comparative Advantage versus Cosmopolitan Considerations
Ellis, P., & Pecotich, A. (2002) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/027467022001004 · Cited by 9
“Second, by assuming the existence of increasing returns to scale, Young (1928), Kaldor (1972), Krugman (1990), and others have acknowledged that international trade could also be based on the inherent advantages of JOURNAL OF MACROMARKETING 35 specialization itself.”
Background

Authors: Kaldor, N.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Kaldor, Nicholas
Venue: The Economic Journal
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1972-12
Volume: 82
Issue: 328
Pages: 1237
ISSN: 0013-0133 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/2231304
OpenAlex: W1980427659
Cited by: 1,013
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 26.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Economic Journal (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economic Theory and Policy
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic theories and models
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Theory and Institutions
Keywords: economic equilibrium, economic methodology, general equilibrium

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Irrelevance of Equilibrium Economics

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks