CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 110Demographic Trends and Gender PreferencesChina's Socioeconomic Reforms and GovernanceReproductive Health and Contraception

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Are births underreported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China’s population policies

Open access
Merli, M. Giovanna, Raftery, Adrian E.·2000·Demography
DOI 10.2307/2648100
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Under the current family planning policy in China, the criterion for evaluating all parties involved in the birth planning system provides an incentive for everyone to see that the policy is met, either in reality through strict enforcement of family planning regulations, or statistically through manipulation of statistical records. We investigate underreporting of births in four rural counties of northern China, using data from a 1992 sample survey featuring a reproductive history. To clarify the mechanisms of underreporting, we focus on the ways in which reporting errors may affect the distribution of first births by time since marriage. The results of our investigation suggest that in three of the four counties, first-birth intervals are lengthened by underreporting of girl babies and by replacing them with second births reported as first births.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/2648100

Cites

52 of 52 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. Aird, 1986, Coercion in Family Planning: Causes, Methods, and Consequences, 184
  2. Banister, 1989, A New Survey of Infant Mortality in China: A Research Note
  3. 1991, 1990 nian renkou pucha ziliao (Data From the 1990 Census of Population of Ciqixian). Renkou pucha bangongshi
  4. Cui, 1990, “Guanyu renkou tongji zhiliang wenti de tantao, Renkou yu jingji (Population and Economics), 2, 31
  5. Feng, 1992, “Zhongguo de 28 ge difang jihua shengyu tiaoli zongshu, Renkou Yanjiu (Population Research), 4, 28
  6. Gray, 1979, Biological Factors Other Than Nutrition and Lactation Which May Influence Natural Fertility: A Review, 219
  7. Ji, 1991, Jihua shengyu tongji baobiao shuifen wenti yuanyin ji duice” (Reasons and Countermeasures for the Problem of Underreporting in Family Planning Statistics), Renkou yanjiu (Population Research), 3, 59
  8. Johansson, 1991, On Intriguing Sex Ratios Among Live Births in China in the 1980s, Journal of Official Statistics, 7, 25
  9. Sun, 1993, Zhongguo disici renkou pucha quanguo ji bufen shengqu siwang loubao yanjiu” (Study of the Nonreported Deaths of the Whole Country and of Some Provinces in China’s Fourth Population Census), Zhongguo renkou kexue (China Population Science), 2, 20
  10. Taffel, 1984, Characteristics of Asian Births: United States, 1980, Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 32, 1
  11. Tu, 1992, The Baseline Survey for the Project on Introducing New Contraceptives in Rural China. Part I: Preliminary Findings of the Survey

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 110

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Merli, M. G., & Raftery, A. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
ORCID
Venue
Demography
Publisher
Duke University Press
Published
2000-02-01
Volume
37
Issue
1
Pages
109-126
ISSN
  • 0070-3370 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-7790
DOI
10.2307/2648100
OpenAlex
W2018447293
Cited by
110
References
55
Citations by year
2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI
1.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Demography (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Rockefeller Foundation
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • University of Washington
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
Keywords
statistical manipulation, family planning policy, one-child policy, rural China, first birth interval, sex-selective abortion, reproductive history
MeSH terms
China, Data Collection, Family Planning Services, Female, Forms and Records Control, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Male, Population Control, Public Policy, Regression Analysis, Rural Population, Sex Ratio, Proportional Hazards Models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review