Antagonisms in Historical and Radiocarbon Chronology
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The reliability of the radiocarbon-based date range for Thera has been debated because it places the event earlier in time than certain archaeological synchronizations between sites in the Aegean, Egypt, and Levant would suggest possible.
“The reliability of this radiocarbon-based date range has been debated ( 4 , 5 , 14 ) because it places the event earlier in time than certain archaeological synchronizations between sites in the Aegean, Egypt, and Levant would suggest possible.”
From Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
According to proponents of conventional, archaeologically based chronology, the start of the New Kingdom in Egypt is considered to be sometime after c.1550 to 1500 BCE.
“which,accordingtoproponentsofconventional, archaeologically based chronology, is considered to be sometime after c.1550 to 1500 BCE ( 4 , 14 )”
From Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Evidence indicates that the Thera eruption occurred after the start of the New Kingdom in Egypt.
“Evidence indicates that the eruption occurred after the start of the NewKingdominEgypt”
From Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Both archaeology and 14C place the close of LMIB destructions in the mid-15th century BCE.
“Both archaeology and 14 C place these close of LMIB destructions in the mid-15 th century BCE [3,5,8,9,18,25].”
From Second Intermediate Period date for the Thera (Santorini) eruption and historical implications (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
There are a set of linkages for Cretan MMIB-II Kamares ware with Egyptian Middle Kingdom contexts, and a set of linkages for material from the LMIB/LHIIA through LHIIIB periods with NK contexts.
“there are a set of linkages for Cretan MMIB-II Kamares ware with Egyptian Middle Kingdom contexts, and then a set of linkages for material from the LMIB/LHIIA through LHIIIB periods with NK contexts [6-11, 25-30, 84, 162-168, 188]”
From Second Intermediate Period date for the Thera (Santorini) eruption and historical implications (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
The archaeologically-based site chronology of Avaris/Tell el-Dab'a and the linked/derived Levantine MBA to early LBA timeframe lack solid archaeological-historical foundation and are contradicted by extensive 14C evidence that offers a coherent chronological framework consistent with the 14C timeframe in the Aegean.
“the archaeologically-based site chronology of Avaris/Tell el-Dab'a, and the linked/derived Levantine MBA to early LBA timeframe, long deployed as an obstacle to a higher/earlier chronology for the Thera eruption and the start of the Aegean LBA by Bietak (e.g.[8,26,200]), have also been shown both to lack solid archaeological-historical foundation and to be contradicted by extensive 14 C evidence”
From Second Intermediate Period date for the Thera (Santorini) eruption and historical implications (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption
Pearson, C. L., Brewer, P. W., Brown, D., Heaton, T. J., Hodgins, G. W. L., Jull, A. J. T., Lange, T., & Salzer, M. W. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar8241 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The Interaction of Climate Change and Agency in the Collapse of Civilizations ca. 2300–2000 BC
Wiener, M. H. (2014) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.2458/azu_rc.56.18325 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Manning, S. W., Höflmayer, F., Moeller, N., Dee, M. W., Ramsey, C. B., Fleitmann, D., Higham, T., Kutschera, W., & Wild, E. M. (2014) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00115388 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Manning, S. W., Griggs, C. B., Lorentzen, B., Barjamovic, G., Ramsey, C. B., Kromer, B., & Wild, E. M. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157144 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“383–386), it is noticeable that application of the Middle or Low-Middle Chronology dating could yield dates for the site compatible both with its detailed radiocarbon chronology [98]–which has been rejected by the excavator of the site for no good reason [94]–and other evidence indicating the need for an earlier timef…”
BackgroundKutschera, W., Bietak, M., Wild, E. M., Ramsey, C. B., Dee, M., Golser, R., Kopetzky, K., Stadler, P., Steier, P., Thanheiser, U., et al. (2012) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200047172 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Radiocarbon Dates from Tel Kabri Support a High Middle Bronze Age Chronology
Höflmayer, F., Yasur‐Landau, A., Cline, E. H., Dee, M., Lorentzen, B., & Riehl, S. (2016) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2016.27 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Shaar, R., Bechar, S., Finkelstein, I., Gallet, Y., Martin, M. A. S., Ebert, Y., Keinan, J., & Gonen, L. (2020) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2020gc009251 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Multi-isotopic study of diet and mobility in the northeastern Nile Delta
Stantis, C., Kharobi, A., Maaranen, N., Macpherson, C. G., Bietak, M., Prell, S., & Schutkowski, H. (2021) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-021-01344-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMIDDLE BRONZE AGE JERUSALEM: RECALCULATING ITS CHARACTER AND CHRONOLOGY
Regev, J., Gadot, Y., Roth, H., Uziel, J., Chalaf, O., Ben-Ami, D., Mintz, E., Regev, L., & Boaretto, E. (2021) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2021.21 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Fall, P. L., Falconer, S. E., & Höflmayer, F. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.104 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Second Intermediate Period date for the Thera (Santorini) eruption and historical implications
Manning, S. W. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274835 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Radiocarbon and the date of the Thera eruption
Bietak, M. (2014) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00050389 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationManning, S. W. (2024) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2024.44 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…region (and hence much long-running debate, since the date for the Thera eruption has been uncertain: e.g. Warren and Hankey 1989; Manning 1999, 2022; Sherratt 2000; Warren 2006; Bietak and Höflmayer 2007; Warburton 2009; Höflmayer 2012; Bietak 2013; Manning et al. 2014; Pearson et al. 2018, 2023).”
BackgroundDating the Theran Eruption: Archaeological Science Versus Nonsense Science
Wiener, M. H. (2015) · Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04768-3_10 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tel Nami, Cyprus, and Egypt: Radiocarbon Dates and Early Middle Bronze Age Chronology
Höflmayer, F. (2021) · Palestine Exploration Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00310328.2020.1866329 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bruins, H. J., & van der Plicht, J. (2017) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2017.88 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Radiocarbon Dating and Egyptian Chronology—From the “Curve of Knowns” to Bayesian Modeling
Höflmayer, F. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.64 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Archaeological cross dating: a formalized scheme
Levy, E., Piasetzky, E. I., & Fantalkin, A. (2021) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-021-01371-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mourad, A.-L. (2021) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101367 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Early Bronze IV — Middle Bronze I transition in the southern Levant: analysis and assessment
Cohen, S. (2022) · Levant · doi:10.1080/00758914.2022.2073689 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
New accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates from the Mycenaean site of Iklaina
Cosmopoulos, M. B., Allen, S. E., Riebe, D. J., Ruscillo, D., Liston, M. A., & Shelton, C. P. (2019) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.02.034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The date of the Qurayyah painted ware in the southern Levant
Singer-Avitz, L. (2014) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Applications of 14C, the Most Versatile Radionuclide to Explore Our World
Kutschera, W. (2018) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74878-8_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Interaction of Climate Change and Agency in the Collapse of Civilizations ca. 2300–2000 BC
Wiener, M. H. (2014) · Tree-Ring Research · doi:10.3959/1536-1098-70.3.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Interaction of Climate Change and Agency in the Collapse of Civilizations ca. 2300–2000 BC
Wiener, M. H. (2014) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200050311 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Erdil, P., Kuitems, M., Scifo, A., Brown, D., & Dee, M. (2026) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2025.10186 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Radiocarbon verification of the earliest astro-chronological datum
Marcus, E. S., Dee, M. W., Ramsey, C. B., Higham, T. F. G., & Shortland, A. J. (2016) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2016.67 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Establishing an absolute chronology of the Middle Bronze Age.
Höflmayer, F. (2022) · The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume II · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190687571.003.0011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
BAYESIAN MODELING OF A PERIPHERAL MIDDLE BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT AT ZAHRAT ADH-DHRA‘ 1, JORDAN
Fall, P. L., Ridder, E., Birch, S. E. P., & Falconer, S. E. (2023) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2023.99 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Edited by: Anna Margherita Jasink, L. B., Bombardieri, L., & Jasink, A. M. (2015) · Strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca · doi:10.36253/978-88-6655-766-1
Early Appearance of Red-on-Black / Red Ware at Kabri and Achziv
Clark, B., Cline, E. H., Gal, D., & Yasur‐Landau, A. (2025) · Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies · doi:10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.13.3.0255
Egypt and the Levant: Networks and Negotiations in the Bronze Age
Mourad, A.-L. (2026) · doi:10.1017/9781009419949
The Middle Bronze I Foundation of Hazor
Bechar, S., & Yasur‐Landau, A. (2026) · Palestine Exploration Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00310328.2026.2696117
The Beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in the Levant: New Evidence from Megiddo
Yasur‐Landau, A., Piasetzky, E., Adams, M. J., Roth, H., Dunseth, Z. C., & Finkelstein, I. (2026) · Palestine Exploration Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00310328.2026.2736989
- Authors
- Bietak, M.
- Corresponding author
- Bietak, M.
- ORCID
- Bietak, M.
- Venue
- Radiocarbon and the Chronologies of Ancient Egypt
- Publisher
- Oxbow Books
- Published
- 2013-05-31
- Pages
- 76-109
- OpenAlex
- W2946547746
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.78
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxbow Books (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- radiocarbon chronology, historical chronology, radiocarbon calibration, historical documents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
