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The Minoan eruption of Santorini radiocarbon dated by an olive tree buried by the eruption

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Heinemeier, Jan, Friedrich, Walter L., Kromer, Bernd, Ramsey, Christopher Bronk·2009·Time's Up! Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini
DOI 10.2307/jj.35529235.28
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Abstract

In 2006 we published a radiocarbon dating, 1613 bc, for the Minoan eruption on Santorini with an unparalleled precision of ±13 calendar years. 1 It was based on the unique find in the caldera wall of Santorini of a branch of an olive tree that had been buried and preserved in an upright, life, position by the pumice of the eruption.72 tree rings were identified by X-ray tomography, and the high precision was achieved by wiggle matching the 14 C results of the time series of four contiguous sections of tree rings to the radiocarbon calibration curve.Since the trees were growing at an altitude of 150 m above sea level and at a distance of more than 2.5 km from the active volcanic zone on Santorini, it is unlikely that the radiocarbon values published in 2006 could have been affected by old CO 2. Because of the clear association of the tree and its outermost growth ring with the geological/archaeological event of the eruption, the date represents the best combination of directness and precision in any attempt so far of a science based chronology of the Minoan eruption.While in broad agreement with other science dating attempts, there are some who claim that it is completely irreconcilable with the traditional archaeological dates of the late 16 th century bc, or later, based on cultural linkage (pottery typology) and Egyptian Chronology.To resolve the conflict, we need to take a careful look at the implicit and explicit underlying assumptions in the two methods.As we do not possess the expertise to evaluate the results of the archaeological approach, this paper will deal with the details of the find of the olive branch and its radiocarbon dating by wiggle matching as well as a balanced assessment of the possible sources of error.

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  • A wiggle-match for the 4 dates from the olive tree based on published results indicates a date between 1621 and 1605 cal BC (1σ, 68.2% probability).

    “A wiggle-match for these 4 dates based on the published results indicates a date between 1621 and 1605 cal BC (1σ, 68.2% probability).”

    From The Date of the Minoan Santorini Eruption: Quantifying the “Offset” (2012) · cites this paper as Heinemeier et al. 2009

    The Introduction says that four groups of olive-tree rings were wiggle-matched, supporting the method attributed to the paper. It reports a calibrated range of 1627–1600 BC at 95% probability, however, not the claimed 1621–1605 BC at 68.2%; our copy does not establish that specific 1σ interval. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Heinemeier, J., Friedrich, W. L., Kromer, B., & Ramsey, C. B.
Affiliations
Aarhus University (DK)
ORCID
Venue
Time's Up! Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini
Publisher
Aarhus University Press
Published
2009-12-31
Pages
285-294
DOI
10.2307/jj.35529235.28
OpenAlex
W2802901245
Cited by
6
References
0
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.56
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Aarhus University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
  • Aarhus Universitetsforlag eBooks (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Keywords
Santorini eruption, Minoan eruption, radiocarbon dating, Olea europaea, wiggle matching, tree-ring chronology, eruption chronology, Egyptian chronology, archaeological dating, error evaluation

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