The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Zonulin Upregulation Is Associated With Increased Gut Permeability in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relatives
Open accessAbstract
Zonulin, a protein that modulates intestinal permeability, is upregulated in several autoimmune diseases and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes in the BB/Wor animal model of the disease. To verify the association between serum zonulin levels and in vivo intestinal permeability in patients with type 1 diabetes, both parameters were investigated in different stages of the autoimmune process. Forty-two percent (141 of 339) of the patients had abnormal serum zonulin levels, as compared with age-matched control subjects. The increased zonulin levels correlated with increased intestinal permeability in vivo and changes in claudin-1, claudin-2, and myosin IXB genes expression, while no changes were detected in ZO1 and occludin genes expression. When tested in serum samples collected during the pre–type 1 diabetes phase, elevated serum zonulin was detected in 70% of subjects and preceded by 3.5 ± 0.9 years the onset of the disease in those patients who went on to develop type 1 diabetes. Combined, these results suggest that zonulin upregulation is associated with increased intestinal permeability in a subgroup of type 1 diabetic patients. Zonulin upregulation seems to precede the onset of the disease, providing a possible link between increased intestinal permeability, environmental exposure to non–self antigens, and the development of autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Farrell, R. J., & Kelly, C. P. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra010852 · Cited by 684
Fasano, A., Not, T., Wang, W., Uzzau, S., Berti, I., Tommasini, A., & Goldblum, S. E. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02169-3 · Cited by 670
Self-citationZiegler, A. G., Hummel, M., Schenker, M., & Bonifacio, E. (1999) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.48.3.460 · Cited by 645
Early Infant Feeding and Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes–Associated Autoantibodies
Ziegler, A.-G. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.13.1721 · Cited by 570
Timing of initial cereal exposure in infancy and risk of islet autoimmunity
Norris, J. M. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.13.1713 · Cited by 515
Drago, S., El Asmar, R., Di Pierro, M., Grazia Clemente, M., Sapone, A. T. A., Thakar, M., Iacono, G., Carroccio, A., D'Agate, C., Not, T., et al. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520500235334 · Cited by 502
Self-citationFasano, A., & Shea-Donohue, T. (2005) · Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0259 · Cited by 484
Self-citationHuman zonulin, a potential modulator of intestinal tight junctions
Wang, W., Uzzau, S., Goldblum, S. E., & Fasano, A. (2000) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.113.24.4435 · Cited by 470
Self-citationClemente, M. G. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.2.218 · Cited by 412
Self-citationAsmar, R. E., Panigrahi, P., Bamford, P., Berti, I., Not, T., Coppa, G. V., Catassi, C., & Fasano, A. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.36578 · Cited by 363
Self-citation
Cited by
Intestinal barrier function: molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis
Groschwitz, K. R., & Hogan, S. P. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.038 · Cited by 1,775
The intestinal epithelial barrier: a therapeutic target?
Odenwald, M. A., & Turner, J. R. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.169 · Cited by 1,288
Mouries, J., Brescia, P., Silvestri, A., Spadoni, I., Sorribas, M., Wiest, R., Mileti, E., Galbiati, M., Invernizzi, P., Adorini, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.005 · Cited by 688
Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease
Brown, K., DeCoffe, D., Molcan, E., & Gibson, D. L. (2012) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu4081095 · Cited by 676
Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes
Patterson, E., Ryan, P. M., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2016) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285 · Cited by 552
Metadata
- Authors
- Sapone, A., de Magistris, L., Pietzak, M., Clemente, M. G., Tripathi, A., Cucca, F., Lampis, R., Kryszak, D., Cartenì, M., Generoso, M., Iafusco, D., Prisco, F., Laghi, F., Riegler, G., Carratu, R., Counts, D., & Fasano, A.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2006-05-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1443-1449
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2143844722
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 6.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Zonulin Upregulation Is Associated With Increased Gut Permeability in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relatives. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2337/db05-1593
- The paper
- Sapone, A., de Magistris, L., Pietzak, M., Clemente, M. G., Tripathi, A., Cucca, F., Lampis, R., Kryszak, D., Cartenì, M., Generoso, M., Iafusco, D., Prisco, F., Laghi, F., Riegler, G., Carratu, R., Counts, D., & Fasano, A. (2006). Zonulin Upregulation Is Associated With Increased Gut Permeability in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relatives. Diabetes. https://doi.org/10.2337/db05-1593
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
