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Differential Adaptation of Human Gut Microbiota to Bariatric Surgery–Induced Weight Loss
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Obesity alters gut microbiota ecology and associates with low-grade inflammation in humans. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of morbid obesity resulting in drastic weight loss and improvement of metabolic and inflammatory status. We analyzed the impact of RYGB on the modifications of gut microbiota and examined links with adaptations associated with this procedure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Gut microbiota was profiled from fecal samples by real-time quantitative PCR in 13 lean control subjects and in 30 obese individuals (with seven type 2 diabetics) explored before (M0), 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) after RYGB. RESULTS: Four major findings are highlighted: 1) Bacteroides/Prevotella group was lower in obese subjects than in control subjects at M0 and increased at M3. It was negatively correlated with corpulence, but the correlation depended highly on caloric intake; 2) Escherichia coli species increased at M3 and inversely correlated with fat mass and leptin levels independently of changes in food intake; 3) lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus group and Bifidobacterium genus decreased at M3; and 4) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species was lower in subjects with diabetes and associated negatively with inflammatory markers at M0 and throughout the follow-up after surgery independently of changes in food intake. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that components of the dominant gut microbiota rapidly adapt in a starvation-like situation induced by RYGB while the F. prausnitzii species is directly linked to the reduction in low-grade inflammation state in obesity and diabetes independently of calorie intake.
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“Moreover, our results are in agreement with previous findings showing an expansion of Proteobacteria shortly after RYGB, both in humans (Furet et al., 2010; Graessler et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2009) and mice (Liou et al., 2013).”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Recent work has also indicated that the gut microbiota may mediate some of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, and changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota have been observed in the short term after RYGB in humans (Furet et al., 2010; Graessler et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2009), as well as after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB in mice (Liou et”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Recent work has also indicated that the gut microbiota may mediate some of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, and changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota have been observed in the short term after RYGB in humans (Furet et al., 2010; Graessler et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2009), as well as after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB in mice (Liou et”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The reduced fat mass gain in GF mice transplanted with RYGB and VBG microbiota is in agreement with our results on the composition of the gut microbiome and with a short-term human study showing an inverse correlation between E. coli abundance and fat mass after RYGB (Furet et al., 2010).”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“While this ratio was negatively correlated with body weight, BMI, and body fat mass, the correlation was highly dependent on total calorie intake.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [163]
In the citing paper
“Furet and colleagues [163] reported that the Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio increased within 3 months after surgery and remained stable thereafter.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [163]
In the citing paper
“Other alterations, such as the reduction of lactic acid forming bacteria, indicate a complex effect of severe calorie restriction.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [163]
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Molecular Characterization of Gut Microbiota in Obese and Lean Hypertensive Patients
Mushtaq, N., Hussain, S., & Xu, J. (2018) · Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology · Cited by 2
Gergis, U. S., Reich‐Slotky, R., & Abdulahad, B. (2020) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/s41409-020-0922-5 · Cited by 2
Bariatric procedures and microbiota: patient selection and outcome prediction
Puca, P., Petito, V., Laterza, L., Lopetuso, L. R., Neri, M., CHIERICO, F. D., Boškoski, I., Gasbarrini, A., & Scaldaferri, F. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1177/26317745211014746 · Cited by 2
Laparoscopic Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS) Surgery
Kerrigan, D. D., Almerie, Q., Leuratti, L., Khwaja, H. A., & Harper, C. E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60596-4_44 · Cited by 2
Link of gut microbiome with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Alkhammash, A. M., Alshehri, W. A., Alhozali, A. M., & Bahieldin, A. (2022) · Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences · doi:10.22317/jcms.v8i6.1305 · Cited by 3
Mathrani, A., Lu, L. W., Sequeira, I. R., Silvestre, M. P., Hoggard, M., Barnett, D., Fogelholm, M., Raben, A., Poppitt, S. D., & Taylor, M. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244179 · Cited by 3
Wang, C., Wu, S., Zhou, W. J., Hu, L., Hu, Q., Cao, Y., Wang, L., Chen, X., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01107-23 · Cited by 2
Pribac, M., Moțățăianu, A., Andone, S. R., Mardale, E., & Nemeth, S. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46050271 · Cited by 3
“Similarly, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii shows an inverse correlation with CRP levels [122], indicating that CRP, as a downstream inflammatory marker, can be regulated by the anti-inflammatory metabolic products of specific gut microbes.”
Zhang, X., Wu, M., Wang, J., Chen, J., Yu, W., & Pan, H. (2024) · Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) · doi:10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0060 · Cited by 2
Lau, R. G., Stevenson, M., Tirumalasetty, M. B., Lee, J., Hall, C. E., Miao, Q., BRATHWAITE, C. E. M., & Ragolia, L. (2024) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-024-07578-7 · Cited by 2
Li, H., He, J., Hou, J., He, C., Dai, X., Song, Z., Liu, Q., Wang, Z., Huang, H., Ding, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1456885 · Cited by 2
Ye, L., Yao, Z., Xuan, Q., Liu, Q., & Bo, T. (2025) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151466 · Cited by 2
Shi, H., & Li, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1485048 · Cited by 2
Managing Glucose Homeostasis Through the Gut Microbiome
Weninger, S. N., Manley, A., & Duca, F. A. (2025) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-051524-094728 · Cited by 3
The effects of probiotics supplementation on a health using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system
Klees, M. (2014) · Cited by 2
Metagenomics Health Claim: Are you Rich Enough in your Gut Micro biota?
Balasubramanyam, M. (2014) · Biology and Medicine · doi:10.4172/0974-8369.1000220 · Cited by 2
“[17] and certain specific bacterial groups were considered as possible factors associated with changes in nutritional status along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters.”
BackgroundInfluence of Dietary Factors on Gut Microbiota
Xifra, G., Esteve, E., Ricart, W., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801585-8.00012-9 · Cited by 2
Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Bariatric Surgery: Where Do We Stand?
Georgiou, K. E. (2021) · The microbiomes of humans, animals, plants, and the environment · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59642-2_6 · Cited by 2
Aron‐Wisnewsky, J., Lefevre, C., & Bindels, L. B. (2022) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2022.01.004 · Cited by 4
Mechanisms of Action of Different Bariatric Surgical Procedures
Neff, K., & le Roux, C. W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60596-4_103 · Cited by 2
Le tractus digestif comme organe endocrine : une nouvelle vision de la chirurgie bariatrique
Scheen, A. J., Flines, J. D., Roover, A. D., & Paquot, N. (2011) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(11)70209-7 · Cited by 3
Messiah, S. E., Vidot, D. C., Spadola, C., Joel, S., Dao, S., Daunert, S., Cuesta, M., & Cruz-Munoz, N. F. D. L. (2020) · Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care · doi:10.1089/bari.2019.0047 · Cited by 2
The relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes—the role of gut factors
Hsia, D. S., & Cefalu, W. T. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118387658.ch31 · Cited by 2
Gaborit, B., Bernard, M., Clément, K., & Dutour, A. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.030 · Cited by 2
Self-citationPaganelli, F. L., Luyer, M. D. P., Hazelbag, C. M., Uh, H., Rogers, M. R. C., Adriaans, D., Berbers, R.-M., Hendrickx, A. P. A., Viveen, M. C., Groot, J. A., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/395657 · Cited by 3
Treatment of Obesity with Bariatric Surgery
Izaguirre, M., Frühbeck, G., & Catalán, V. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.65164-4 · Cited by 2
ORMANCI, N., Mercanlıgil, S. M., & Esatoğlu, V. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1765.v1 · Cited by 1
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Gut Luminal Deoxycholic Acid Concentrations in Mice
Shishani, R., Wang, A. R., Lyo, V., Nandakumar, R., & Cummings, B. P. (2024) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-024-07288-0 · Cited by 1
Cheng, M.-C., Chen, H.-M., Chang, T., Chen, M., Bai, B.-J., Chao, C., Hsieh, W.-Y., Lin, Y., Ni, C., Lu, M., et al. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100808 · Cited by 1
Shad, E., Azadikhah, F., Shekarforoush, S. S., Nazıfı, S., & Eskandari, M. H. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10743-8 · Cited by 1
“Conversely, some scientists have suggested that obese individuals exhibit a distinct microbial composition compared to normal-weight individuals, characterized by an increased presence of Actinobacteria, while no significant differences in Firmicutes were observed [13–15].”
Leśniak, C., Poczta, Z., Różycka, M. A., Włoch, O., Podeszwa, A., Siejek, A., Dobrowolska, A., & Zawada, A. E. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15072604 · Cited by 1
“In contrast, the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , a decrease which occurs in DM2 subjects, negatively correlates with an increase in inflammatory markers [70].”
Monsalves‐Álvarez, M., Calderón-Romero, P., Hayes‐Ortiz, T., Bobadilla, S., Sanchez, F., de Tudela, C. P., Utreras‐Mendoza, Y., Campos, C. A., Reyes, A., Gómez, J., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-51209-3 · Cited by 1
Oliver, B. A., Sun, M., Lee, Y. S., Cho, S., Zhu, T., Durgan, D. J., & Sweeney, G. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2672794 · Cited by 2
“121-123 This evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role by initiating or propagating the inflammation that contributes to cardiometabolic diseases.”
Delzenne, N. M., Neyrinck, A. M., & Cani, P. D. (2012) · Obésité · doi:10.1007/s11690-012-0346-5 · Cited by 1
“Les mêmes auteurs ont suggéré que l’effet anti-inflammatoire du traitement chirurgical pouvait être lié à la présence de bactéries de type Faecalibacterium prausnitzii [16].”
Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancer-related Factor
Kim, D. (2012) · Korean Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4166/kjg.2012.59.1.8 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Furet, J.-P., Kong, L.-C., Tap, J., Poitou, C., Basdevant, A., Bouillot, J.-L., Mariat, D., Corthier, G., Doré, J., Henegar, C., Rizkalla, S., & Clément, K.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Nutrition et d'Endocrinologie, Paris, France, and the Centre de Recherche Nutrition Humaine, Ile de France, Paris, France;
- Inserm (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research, U910, Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- Corresponding author
- Clément, Karine
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2010-09-28
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3049-3057
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC2992765
- OpenAlex
- W2154660883
- Cited by
- 1,173
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Sanofi
- Danone
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
- NIH Clinical Center
- CHIST-ERA
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, morbid obesity, weight loss, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides-Prevotella, Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, low-grade inflammation, type 2 diabetes, leptin, caloric restriction, starvation adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blood Glucose, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Feces, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Male, Obesity, Pediococcus, Starvation, Thinness, Weight Loss, Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Primers, Bariatric Surgery
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