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Differential Adaptation of Human Gut Microbiota to Bariatric Surgery–Induced Weight Loss
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Obesity alters gut microbiota ecology and associates with low-grade inflammation in humans. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of morbid obesity resulting in drastic weight loss and improvement of metabolic and inflammatory status. We analyzed the impact of RYGB on the modifications of gut microbiota and examined links with adaptations associated with this procedure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Gut microbiota was profiled from fecal samples by real-time quantitative PCR in 13 lean control subjects and in 30 obese individuals (with seven type 2 diabetics) explored before (M0), 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) after RYGB. RESULTS: Four major findings are highlighted: 1) Bacteroides/Prevotella group was lower in obese subjects than in control subjects at M0 and increased at M3. It was negatively correlated with corpulence, but the correlation depended highly on caloric intake; 2) Escherichia coli species increased at M3 and inversely correlated with fat mass and leptin levels independently of changes in food intake; 3) lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus group and Bifidobacterium genus decreased at M3; and 4) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species was lower in subjects with diabetes and associated negatively with inflammatory markers at M0 and throughout the follow-up after surgery independently of changes in food intake. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that components of the dominant gut microbiota rapidly adapt in a starvation-like situation induced by RYGB while the F. prausnitzii species is directly linked to the reduction in low-grade inflammation state in obesity and diabetes independently of calorie intake.
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“Moreover, our results are in agreement with previous findings showing an expansion of Proteobacteria shortly after RYGB, both in humans (Furet et al., 2010; Graessler et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2009) and mice (Liou et al., 2013).”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Recent work has also indicated that the gut microbiota may mediate some of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, and changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota have been observed in the short term after RYGB in humans (Furet et al., 2010; Graessler et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2009), as well as after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB in mice (Liou et”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Recent work has also indicated that the gut microbiota may mediate some of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, and changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota have been observed in the short term after RYGB in humans (Furet et al., 2010; Graessler et al., 2013; Kong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2009), as well as after vertical sleeve gastrectomy and RYGB in mice (Liou et”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The reduced fat mass gain in GF mice transplanted with RYGB and VBG microbiota is in agreement with our results on the composition of the gut microbiome and with a short-term human study showing an inverse correlation between E. coli abundance and fat mass after RYGB (Furet et al., 2010).”
From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation (2015) · cites this paper as Furet et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“While this ratio was negatively correlated with body weight, BMI, and body fat mass, the correlation was highly dependent on total calorie intake.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [163]
In the citing paper
“Furet and colleagues [163] reported that the Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio increased within 3 months after surgery and remained stable thereafter.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [163]
In the citing paper
“Other alterations, such as the reduction of lactic acid forming bacteria, indicate a complex effect of severe calorie restriction.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [163]
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“prausnitzii compared with non-diabetic obese patients, which demonstrates a negative correlation with inflammatory cytokines C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (Furet et al., 2010).”
BackgroundBlautia genus associated with visceral fat accumulation in adults 20–76 years of age
Ozato, N., Saito, S., Yamaguchi, T. F., Katashima, M., Tokuda, I., Sawada, K., Katsuragi, Y., Kakuta, M., Imoto, S., Ihara, K., et al. (2019) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-019-0101-x · Cited by 415
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“Interestingly, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery resulted in an increase in Bacteroides, which may be attributed to reduced calorie load rather than weight loss [39].”
BackgroundInteraction Between Obesity and the Gut Microbiota: Relevance in Nutrition
Delzenne, N. M., & Cani, P. D. (2011) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145146 · Cited by 418
“prausnitzii as a modulator of inflammation and diabetes in obese individuals has recently been proposed (52).”
BackgroundRole of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour
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“Furet and colleagues [163] reported that the Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio increased within 3 months after surgery and remained stable thereafter.”
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“prausnitzii was linked with the reduction of a low-grade inflammatory state during the alleviation of obesity and diabetes in patients receiving Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery (45).”
BackgroundThe Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos
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“, 2005) or using calorie restriction in humans and mice (Crawford et al., 2009; Furet et al., 2010; Ley et al., 2006; Turnbaugh et al., 2009).”
BackgroundThe Gut Microbiota and Unhealthy Aging: Disentangling Cause from Consequence
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“…(IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colorectal cancer (CRC), obesity, and celiac disease among others (Balamurugan et al., 2008; Sokol et al., 2008; Neish, 2009; De Palma et al., 2010; Furet et al., 2010; Rajilic-Stojanovic et al., 2011) as well as in frail elderly (van Tongeren et al., 2005).”
BackgroundGut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes
Gomes, A. C., Bueno, A. A., de Souza, R. G. M., & Mota, J. F. (2014) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-60 · Cited by 363
“Diabetic individuals have lower counts of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, both of them Gram+ [26] with anti-inflammatory properties [26,27].”
BackgroundReview of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and human health
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Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability
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Gut microbiome diversity and high-fibre intake are related to lower long-term weight gain
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“prausnitzii may be an indicator for gut health [63] and might be involved in low-grade inflammation in obesity and T2DM [64].”
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Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children
de Goffau, M. C., Fuentes, S., van den Bogert, B., Honkanen, H., de Vos, W. M., Welling, G. W., Hyöty, H., & Harmsen, H. J. M. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3274-0 · Cited by 333
“Furthermore, the butyrateproducing bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is known to have anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo [7, 19], and has been found to be decreased in abundance in children with three or more diabetes-related autoantibodies [11].”
BackgroundProbiotics and Prebiotics: Present Status and Future Perspectives on Metabolic Disorders
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The intestinal microbiome of fish under starvation
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“Physiological changes during starvation drives the animals and their intestinal microbes to rapidly acclimate to the situation [1-3].”
BackgroundResultThe gut microbiome, diet, and links to cardiometabolic and chronic disorders
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“prausnitzii showed a trend to increase 3 months after RYGB and stayed at the increased level 6 months after RYGB [33].”
BackgroundImpact of the gut microbiota on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
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“Turnbaugh et al. (2009b) and Furet et al. (2010) showed a different pattern based on a lower representation of Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides/Prevotella) in obese individuals with no differences in Firmicutes phylum.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Furet, J.-P., Kong, L.-C., Tap, J., Poitou, C., Basdevant, A., Bouillot, J.-L., Mariat, D., Corthier, G., Doré, J., Henegar, C., Rizkalla, S., & Clément, K.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Nutrition et d'Endocrinologie, Paris, France, and the Centre de Recherche Nutrition Humaine, Ile de France, Paris, France;
- Inserm (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research, U910, Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- Corresponding author
- Clément, Karine
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2010-09-28
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3049-3057
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC2992765
- OpenAlex
- W2154660883
- Cited by
- 1,173
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Sanofi
- Danone
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
- NIH Clinical Center
- CHIST-ERA
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, morbid obesity, weight loss, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides-Prevotella, Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, low-grade inflammation, type 2 diabetes, leptin, caloric restriction, starvation adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blood Glucose, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Feces, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Male, Obesity, Pediococcus, Starvation, Thinness, Weight Loss, Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Primers, Bariatric Surgery
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