The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Blood and Islet Phenotypes Indicate Immunological Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Studies in type 1 diabetes indicate potential disease heterogeneity, notably in the rate of β-cell loss, responsiveness to immunotherapies, and, in limited studies, islet pathology. We sought evidence for different immunological phenotypes using two approaches. First, we defined blood autoimmune response phenotypes by combinatorial, multiparameter analysis of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cell responses in 33 children/adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes. Multidimensional cluster analysis showed two equal-sized patient agglomerations characterized by proinflammatory (interferon-γ–positive, multiautoantibody-positive) and partially regulated (interleukin-10–positive, pauci-autoantibody–positive) responses. Multiautoantibody-positive nondiabetic siblings at high risk of disease progression showed similar clustering. Additionally, pancreas samples obtained post mortem from a separate cohort of 21 children/adolescents with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes were examined immunohistologically. This revealed two distinct types of insulitic lesions distinguishable by the degree of cellular infiltrate and presence of B cells that we termed “hyper-immune CD20Hi” and “pauci-immune CD20Lo.” Of note, subjects had only one infiltration phenotype and were partitioned by this into two equal-sized groups that differed significantly by age at diagnosis, with hyper-immune CD20Hi subjects being 5 years younger. These data indicate potentially related islet and blood autoimmune response phenotypes that coincide with and precede disease. We conclude that different immunopathological processes (endotypes) may underlie type 1 diabetes, carrying important implications for treatment and prevention strategies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60591-7 · Cited by 2,931
Rituximab, B-lymphocyte depletion, and preservation of beta-cell function
Pescovitz, M. D., Greenbaum, C. J., Krause-Steinrauf, H., Becker, D. J., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., Gottlieb, P. A., Marks, J. B., McGee, P. F., Moran, A. M., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0904452 · Cited by 1,093
Analysis of islet inflammation in human type 1 diabetes
Willcox, A., Richardson, S. J., Bone, A. J., Foulis, A. K., & Morgan, N. G. (2009) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03860.x · Cited by 712
Self-citationOrban, T., Bundy, B., Becker, D. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Gitelman, S. E., Goland, R., Gottlieb, P. A., Greenbaum, C. J., Marks, J. B., Monzavi, R., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60886-6 · Cited by 612
Foulis, A. K., Liddle, C. N., Farquharson, M. A., Richmond, J. A., & Weir, R. S. (1986) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00452061 · Cited by 469
Self-citationFall in C-Peptide During First 2 Years From Diagnosis
Greenbaum, C. J., Beam, C. A., Boulware, D., Gitelman, S. E., Gottlieb, P. A., Herold, K. C., Lachin, J. M., McGee, P., Palmer, J. P., Pescovitz, M. D., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1538 · Cited by 319
Bonifacio, E., Yu, L., Williams, A. K., Eisenbarth, G. S., Bingley, P. J., Marcovina, S. M., Adler, K., Ziegler, A. G., Mueller, P. W., Schatz, D. A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0293 · Cited by 291
Self-citation
Cited by
The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives
Tsalamandris, S., Antonopoulos, A. S., Oikonomou, E., Papamikroulis, G.-A., Vogiatzi, G., Papaioannou, S., Deftereos, S., & Tousoulis, D. (2019) · European Cardiology Review · doi:10.15420/ecr.2018.33.1 · Cited by 1,381
Rawshani, A., Sattar, N., Franzén, S., Rawshani, A., Hattersley, A. T., Svensson, A.-M., Eliasson, B., & Gudbjörnsdottir, S. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31506-x · Cited by 802
Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes
Rewers, M., & Ludvigsson, J. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30507-4 · Cited by 676
The heterogeneous pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Ilonen, J., Lempainen, J., & Veijola, R. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0254-y · Cited by 494
Battaglia, M., Ahmed, S., Anderson, M. S., Atkinson, M. A., Becker, D., Bingley, P. J., Bosi, E., Brusko, T. M., DiMeglio, L. A., Evans-Molina, C., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0880 · Cited by 351
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Arif, S., Leete, P., Nguyen, V., Marks, K., Nor, N. M., Estorninho, M., Kronenberg-Versteeg, D., Bingley, P. J., Todd, J. A., Guy, C., Dunger, D. B., Powrie, J., Willcox, A., Foulis, A. K., Richardson, S. J., de Rinaldis, E., Morgan, N. G., Lorenc, A., & Peakman, M.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-10-13
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3835-3845
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2013100047
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 13.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Blood and Islet Phenotypes Indicate Immunological Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2337/db14-0365
- The paper
- Arif, S., Leete, P., Nguyen, V., Marks, K., Nor, N. M., Estorninho, M., Kronenberg-Versteeg, D., Bingley, P. J., Todd, J. A., Guy, C., Dunger, D. B., Powrie, J., Willcox, A., Foulis, A. K., Richardson, S. J., de Rinaldis, E., Morgan, N. G., Lorenc, A., & Peakman, M. (2014). Blood and Islet Phenotypes Indicate Immunological Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0365
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.