Cited by 350Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsBirth, Development, and Health

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

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Carr, Darcy B., Utzschneider, Kristina M., Hull, Rebecca L., Tong, Jenny, Wallace, Tara M., Kodama, Keiichi, Shofer, Jane B., Heckbert, Susan R., Boyko, Edward J., Fujimoto, Wilfred Y., Kahn, Steven E., the American Diabetes Association GENNID Study Group·2006·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc05-2482

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE— We sought to determine whether a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in parous women with first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Women with (n = 332) and without (n = 663) a history of GDM were compared regarding 1) the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria, 2) the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and 3) self-reported CVD. RESULTS— Women with prior GDM were younger (48.6 ± 0.7 vs. 52.4 ± 0.6 years [means ± SE];P < 0.001) and less likely to be postmenopausal (48.3 vs. 57.9%; P < 0.005). Although both groups were obese (BMI 34.4 ± 1.2 vs. 33.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2), women with prior GDM were more likely to have metabolic syndrome (86.6 vs. 73.5%; P < 0.001) and type 2 diabetes (93.4 vs. 63.3%; P < 0.001). Moreover, they had a higher prevalence of CVD (15.5 vs. 12.4%; adjusted odds ratio 1.85 [95% CI 1.21–2.82];P = 0.005) that occurred at a younger age (45.5 ± 2.2 vs. 52.5 ± 1.9 years;P = 0.02) and was independent of metabolic syndrome (1.74 [1.10–2.76]; P = 0.02) and type 2 diabetes (1.56 [1.002–2.43];P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS— Among women with a family history of type 2 diabetes, those with prior GDM were even more likely to not only have CVD risk factors, including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, but also to have experienced CVD events, which occurred at a younger age. Thus, women with both a family history of type 2 diabetes and personal history of GDM may be especially suitable for early interventions aimed at preventing or reducing their risk of CVD and diabetes.

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Authors: Carr, D. B., Utzschneider, K. M., Hull, R. L., Tong, J., Wallace, T. M., Kodama, K., Shofer, J. B., Heckbert, S. R., Boyko, E. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., Kahn, S. E., & the American Diabetes Association GENNID Study Group
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
ORCID: Utzschneider, Kristina M.
Hull, Rebecca L.
Tong, Jenny
Kodama, Keiichi
Shofer, Jane B.
Heckbert, Susan R.
Boyko, Edward J.
Fujimoto, Wilfred Y.
Kahn, Steven E.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2006-09-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 9
Pages: 2078-2083
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc05-2482
OpenAlex: W2157970472
Cited by: 350
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 11.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Diabetes Association
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK002654, DK 02654, DK-17047, P30DK017047)
National Center for Research Resources (K23RR016066, RR 16066)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, family history of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, women, postmenopausal women, obesity, cardiovascular disease prevention, family-based prevention programs, Diabetes Prevention Program, prediabetes, prediabetes screening, prediabetes risk factors
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Diabetes, Gestational, Metabolic Syndrome

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

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